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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Solubilization and stabilization of natural molecules in green and edible formulations
Get PDFIn dieser Dissertation werden verschiedene Lösungsmechanismen aromatischer Natriumcarboxylate vorgestellt. Denn aromatische Natriumcarboxylate – unter ihnen viele Polyphenole – besitzen weitreichende hydrotrope Fähigkeiten.
Basierend auf ihrem amphiphilem Charakter und auf spezifischen Wechselwirkungen können aromatische Natriumcarboxylate kleine leicht hydrophobe Di(propylenglycol)n-propylether Moleküle ein- und aussalzen und besitzen somit (anti-)hydrotrope Eigenschaften.
Zudem erhöhen aromatische Natriumcarboxylate, hauptsächlich abhängig von ihrem konjugierten π-Elektronensystem, auch die Wasserlöslichkeit aromatischer Moleküle, wie die von Riboflavin, Lumichrom, Natriumriboflavin-5‘-monophosphat, Vitamin K3, Folsäure, Koffein und Kurkumin. Dieser π-Elektronen abhängige Lösungsmechanismus wurde mit verschiedenen Methoden analysiert. Dabei negierten dynamische Lichtstreuung, tensiometrische und kernresonanzspektroskopische Analysen die Bildung größerer Aggregate. (i) Gegenseitige Hydratation aromatischer Natriumcarboxylate und durch sie gelöster aromatischer Moleküle, (ii) die Beobachtung einer reversiblen bathochromen Verschiebung des Absorptionsspektrums aromatischer Moleküle in Anwesenheit elektronenreicher aromatischer Natriumcarboxylate und (iii) kernresonanzspektroskopische Analysen bestätigten π-Komplexierung als Grund für die starke Elektronenabhängigkeit der Hydrotropie. Zudem waren spezielle aromatische Natriumcarboxylate, die Polyphenolate, in der Lage simultan als Hydrotrope und Photostabilisatoren für das Vitamin Riboflavin zu fungieren. Dabei variierte die Art des photoprotektiven Effekts mit der Polyphenolatkonzentration. Da Natriumpolyphenolate potentielle Lösungsvermittler und Stabilisatoren für Nahrungsmittel und Getränke darstellen, wurde auch die Kompatibilität von Natriumpolyphenolat/Riboflavin-Formulierungen mit einem Sportgetränkmuster von BASF getestet, um Präzipitationen und eine Beschleunigung von Riboflavins Photodegradation auszuschließen.
Des Weiteren wurde der Einfluss des Kations auf die hydrotropen Eigenschaften von Polyphenolaten kurz untersucht. Hierbei wiesen nur Cholinpolyphenolate den Natriumpolyphenolaten vergleichbare hydrotrope Eigenschaften auf. Da Cholinpolyphenolate eine höhere Wasserlöslichkeit besitzen, ermöglichten sie ähnliche molare Polyphenolat/Riboflavin-Verhältnisse und sogar eine noch höhere Wasserlöslichkeit Riboflavins als Natriumpolyphenolate.
Es wurde zudem eine dritte lösungsvermittlende Eigenschaft von aromatischen Natriumcarboxylaten beobachtet. So wurde anhand von Natriumferulat gezeigt, dass das Hydrotrop auch als Cotensid in wässrigen Natriumdodecylsulfat Lösungen wirken kann.
Natriumferulat hat nämlich (i) die kritische mizellare Konzentration des Tensids gesenkt, (ii) die Strukturierung der mizellaren Lösung erhöht und (iii) die Wasserlöslichkeit des hydrophoben Farbstoffs Sudanblau II relativ zur reinen Tensidlösung erhöht. Nichtsdestotrotz hängen die Cotensid-Eigenschaften des Polyphenolats von dem Tensid ab. Denn Natriumferulat zeigte deutlich schwächere Cotensid-Eigenschaften in wässrigen Formulierungen des Biotensids Natriumcholat.
Zusätzlich hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Cotensid-Eigenschaften des Natriumferulats und die hydrotrope Solubilisierung aromatischer Moleküle durch Komplexbildung mit aromatischen Natriumcarboxylaten koexistieren können. Somit gelang es, Riboflavin und Sudanblau II gleichzeitig in wässrigen Tensidlösungen bestehend aus Natriumdodecylsulfat oder Natriumcholat durch Zusatz von 0.37 mol·kg-1 Natriumferulat simultan zu lösen. die Kompatibilität von Natriumferulats Cotensid-Eigenschaften und seiner hydrotropen Eigenschaften stellen eine grüne Möglichkeit dar, weniger toxische und essbare Formulierungen kleiner schlecht wasserlöslicher aromatischer und hydrophober Moleküle herzustellen.
Neben den lösungsvermittlenden Eigenschaften aromatischer Natriumcarboxylate beschäftigt sich diese Dissertation auch eingehend mit der Solubilisierung des Vitamins und gelben Lebensmittelfarbstoffs Riboflavin. Anhand von Einkristallröntgenstreuung und Löslichkeitsexperimenten wurde π-stacking von Riboflavins Isoalloxazinringen als Grund für Riboflavins schlechte Löslichkeit in diversen Lösungsmitteln festgestellt. Aus diesem Grund war es nicht erstaunlich, dass aromatische Moleküle wie L-Tryptophan, Koffein, Saccharin, L-Histidin und Indoxylsulfat Riboflavins Wasserlöslichkeit erhöhen konnten. Somit können nicht nur Polyphenolate sondern auch andere π-konjugierte Moleküle als Solubilisierer für Riboflavin verwendet werden. Das bedeutet auch, dass Solubilisierer für Riboflavin nicht zwangsläufig amphiphil sein müssen. Zudem war es möglich die Löslichkeit Riboflavins leicht zu erhöhen indem die Polarität und Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsaffinität von Lösungsmitteln verändert wurde
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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