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Predictors and change in dietary behaviours among young men : an intervention in the military
No full textYoung men are difficult to reach with conventional nutrition information and they have a low intake of vegetables and fruits and whole grain cereals. The low intake of these foods gives rise to concern about their future health. Few intervention studies have focused on improving young men’s consumption of vegetables, fruits and whole grain cereals and few studies have explored important correlates of young men’s intake of vegetables.
This study is a part of a larger project with the aim to improve the diet among young men in the military by offering a combination of nutritional information and increased availability of vegetables, fruits and whole grain cereals. The present thesis presents the results from a sub study of the larger project. Since the knowledge base on dietary perceptions and behaviour in the target group is weak, the objectives were to first explore factors that may influence young men’s food intake, and then to investigate changes in intake of selected foods and nutrients as well as reflected changes in a biomarker after a dietary intervention. The focus was directed to the foods that were targeted in the intervention: vegetables, fruits and whole grain cereals, with special emphasis on vegetables. The biomarker was plasma homocysteine.
The study included male recruits at Værnes Military Training Centre in the intervention group; 578 recruits at baseline and 376 at follow up. The control group consisted of 105 male recruits at The Norwegian Army, Bardufoss. The dietary intervention programme was a combination of nutritional information and increased availability of vegetables, fruits and whole grain cereals and lasted for five months.
The results from the baseline showed that the recruits in the intervention group had an average intake of vegetables of 244 g/day, of which 43% was potatoes. There was a large variation in the intake of vegetables among the recruits in spite of the fact that the recruits ate most of their meals in the military mess hall. Only 6% of the recruits reached an intake of 450 g of vegetables daily, which was recommended at the time of the study. The most important sources of vegetables were the hot composite dishes served for lunch and dinner. Optimistic bias of own vegetable intake was observed, since nearly one-third of the recruits perceived their intake as sufficient. The recruits reported high preferences for vegetables: 78% reported a liking for raw vegetables, and 58% for cooked vegetables.
The recruit’s intake of vegetables at baseline was positively associated with number of hot meals eaten in the military mess hall, a high intake of vegetables when still living at home, their parent’s socio economic status and high scores on taste preferences for cooked vegetables. Weight beliefs (desire for slenderness) were also positively associated, while social influence and smoking habits were negatively associated with the recruit’s intake of vegetables. These correlates explained 32% of the variance in the recruit’s vegetable intake.
Three different food intake patterns were discerned in a principal component analysis, based on the intake data collected among the recruits in the intervention group at baseline. These were called: 1) plant foods, 2) fast food/soft drinks and 3) milk/cereals, explaining 42% of the variance in the intake. The desire for slenderness was positively related to level of physical activity but not to the food intake patterns. However, BMI was related to food intake pattern; those who scored high on the plant food pattern were less likely to have a high BMI.
After the intervention, a significant change in intake was observed for the food items which were in focus in the intervention. The recruits in the intervention group increased their consumption of vegetables with 55 %, whole grain bread with 29 % and fruits with 12 %. The increases in the intervention group were significantly different from the control group for all these food items. The increased intakes were reflected in increased intake of folate and dietary fibre. Concomitantly, a reduction in plasma total homocysteine (p-tHcy) was observed. The reduction in p-tHcy was significantly related to an increased intake of folate from whole grain bread but not to that from vegetables, fruits and juice. Furthermore, the percentage of recruits who had three out of four correct answers on the nutritional knowledge score increased from 5% to 25% during the intervention. The recruits with increased knowledge scores had increased their vegetable intake more than the others.
In conclusion, behavioural factors were most important in explaining the recruit’s intake of vegetables. The dietary intervention with both increased availability and easily understood nutritional messages, turned out to be effective in increasing the intake of vegetables, fruits and bread among young male recruits. This was reflected in increased intake of both dietary fibre and folate and a reduction in plasma homocysteine. This study has contributed to information on important correlates of vegetable intake and effective strategies for increasing the consumption of healthy food items among young men
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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