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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Effekte von 2-Hydroxyglutarat auf humane Immunzellen
Get PDFSomatische Mutationen der Isozitratdehydrogenase (IDH) 1 und 2 wurden in verschiedenen Tumorentitäten nachgewiesen. Das mutierte Enzym IDH1/2 erlangte die Fähigkeit, α-Ketoglutarat in den Onkometaboliten 2-Hydroxyglutarat (2-HG) zu konvertieren. Bei der akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML) ist bekannt, dass die Mutation der IDH1/2 positiv mit der Tumorprogression und einem schlechteren Outcome korreliert. Im Gegensatz dazu ist für Glioma WHO II und III und sekundäre Glioblastoma beschrieben, dass die Mutation mit einer guten Prognose korreliert. Auch beim Mamma Karzinom konnten erhöhte Level von 2-HG nachgewiesen werden, auch wenn keine Mutation der IDH vorlag und hier beeinflusste die Höhe des 2-HG-Levels die Prognose ebenfalls negativ.
Bisher wird angenommen, dass 2-HG vor allem zu epigenetischen Veränderungen führt und somit die Prognose der Patienten beeinflusst. Aufgrund der wichtigen Rolle von Immunzellen für die Tumorentstehung und -entwicklung, sollte im Rahmen der Arbeit der Effekt von 2-HG auf Immunzellen untersucht werden. Hierbei sollten insbesondere dendritische Zellen (DC) untersucht werden, da diese Antigen präsentierenden Zellen zum einen die Verbindung zwischen angeborener und adaptiver Immunität bilden und zum anderen essentiell sind für die Initiierung einer effektiven Anti-Tumor-Immunantwort. Vordaten der Arbeitsgruppe zeigten, dass 2-HG die Interleukin (IL)-12p70 Sekretion von DC signifikant hemmt. In der Arbeit sollte diese verminderte Sekretion bestätigt und der Mechanismus der Hemmung anhand verschiedener Parameter näher untersucht werden. Zudem sollte die Expression der Interleukin Untereinheiten p35 und p40 auf mRNA Ebene, sowie die Biosynthese der Untereinheiten des Interleukins unter Einfluss von 2-HG analysiert werden.
Da eine effektive Differenzierung der DC die Basis der DC Aktivität darstellt, sollten weitere mögliche Effekte auf die Differenzierung und Aktivierung der DC untersucht werden. In der Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Dinatriumsalz von 2-HG spezifisch die IL-12p70 Produktion von LPS-aktivierten DC beeinflusst, jedoch keine Veränderung der Produktion anderer Zytokine bewirkt. Es zeigte sich zwar eine leichte Erhöhung der IL-10 Konzentration sowie eine leichte Reduktion der TNF Konzentration im Überstand der Zellen, diese Veränderungen waren jedoch nicht signifikant. Auch die Genexpression der IL-12p70 Untereinheiten p35 und p40 zeigte sich durch Na2-2-HG reduziert, jedoch ohne Signifikanz. Auf Proteinebene, mittels Durchflusszytometrie untersucht, führte Na2-2-HG zu einer Reduktion des IL-12p70-Dimers sowie zur Verminderung der p40 Untereinheit. Zur Verifizierung dieser Beobachtung sollten noch weitere Untersuchungen folgen. In der MLR schien sich ein leichter Effekt vor allem durch das L-Enantiomer von Na2-2-HG im Vergleich zur LPS-Kontrolle vorzuliegen, v.a. bei einer DC-Zellzahl von 5000 pro Well, da im Rahmen meiner Arbeit jedoch nur ein Versuch durchgeführt wurde, müssen weitere Versuche folgen. Bei der Untersuchung des Stoffwechsels der DC, wurden das Enzym Indolamin 2,3-Dioxigenase (IDO), die Atmung und die Laktatproduktion der Zellen unter Einfluss von Na2-2-HG analysiert. Die Untersuchung von IDO sowie der Laktatproduktion zeigten keinen Effekt von Na2-2-HG auf diese Stoffwechselwege. Die Untersuchung der Atmung der Zellen mittels PreSens ergab eine leichte Verstärkung der Atmung nach ca. drei Stunden, dieser Effekt war aber nur vorübergehend und sollte in weiteren Versuchen genauer untersucht werden. Um den Mechanismus der Beeinflussung des Zellmetabolismus durch Na2-2-HG genauer zu untersuchen, wurden erste Analysen von LPS-Signaltranduktionswegen mittels WesternBlot durchgeführt. Weder die Degradation von IκBα, noch dessen Phosphorylierung wurden hierbei durch Na2-2-HG beeinflusst. Auch bei der Untersuchung der MAPK Akt und p38 und deren Phosphorylierung konnte kein Effekt von Na2-2-HG festgestellt werden.
Da in dieser Arbeit der spezifische Effekt von Na2-2-HG auf die IL-12p70 Produktion in DC bestätigt werden konnte, bei den weiteren Untersuchungen sich jedoch nur bei der Zellatmung ein signifikanter Effekt durch den Metaboliten ergab, sollte in weiteren Experimenten der mögliche Zusammenhang zwischen beiden Effekten analysiert werden
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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