1,721,052 research outputs found
Immunological studies on renal transplantation in rats. Effects of pretransplant blood transfusion on renal graft survival
Get PDF輸血による移植腎生着延長効果を検討し, その機序を解明することを目的としてin vivoの実験モデルにおいて輸血から移植までの期間, 成分別輸血, strain specificityについて観察した.in vitroでは輸血後のラット血清をリンパ球混合培養に添加した場合の反応抑制効果を検討することにより, 輸血が移植腎の生着延長をもたらす免疫学的機序について考察した.無処置のSDラットに(SD×Wistar) F1ラットの腎を移植した場合の平均生着日数は11.8日であった.Wistarラットの全血1 mlで前処置をおこなったSDラットに, 輸血直後および1～21日目にF1ラット腎を移植したところ, 7～21日目に移植をおこなった場合に有意な生着延長効果が認められ, 最大の効果は9日目におこなった場合であり, その平均生着日数は81.3日以上であった.Wistarラットの全血の成分に類似したimmunogenにてSDラットを前処置したところ, 骨髄リンパ球, 赤血球, 血小板投与群で有意な生着延長効果が認められたが胸腺リンパ球, 血漿投与群では延長効果は認められなかった.SD, Wistar, (SD×Wistar) F1, Fischerラットを用いて, いくつかのrecipientとdonorの組み合わせを作り, donor specificまたはthird partyの全血でrecipientに前処置をおこなったところ, 両者とも移植腎の生着延長効果が認められたが, donor specificな輸血の方がより効果が著明であった.Wistarラットの全血1 mlで前処置を受けたSDラットの血清を, SDラットの脾細胞をresponder cell, (SD×Wistar) Fラットのリンパ節細胞をstimulator cellとするリンパ球混合培養(MLR)に添加したところ反応抑制効果が認められ, その効果は輸血後7日目までに急上昇し, 15日目まで高値を持続した.その後のMLR抑制効果はやや低下傾向を示したが21日目でも50%以上の抑制効果が認められたAn attempt was made to search the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of blood transfusion effects using the rat renal transplantation model. The mean survival time of (Sprague-Dawley (SD X Wistar)) F1 renal grafts in untreated SD recipients was 11.3 days. Treatment to SD recipients with 1 ml of Wistar whole blood 7 to 21 days prior to transplantation prolonged the mean survival time of (SD X Wistar) F1 renal grafts and maximum effect of prolongation (greater than 81.3 days) was seen when renal transplantation was performed on the 9th day after the treatment. Treatment with Wistar bone marrow cells, red blood cells and platelets 9 days before transplantation prolonged the mean survival time to greater than 41.0 days, greater than 39.3 days and greater than 46.9 days, respectively, whereas no significant effect was observed in the SD recipients pretreated with Wistar thymocytes or with Wistar plasma. Third party blood transfusion also had moderate effects on the prolongation of renal graft survival, but maximum effects of blood transfusion were obtained by donor specific blood transfusion. Sera taken from SD rats at various times after the treatment with Wistar whole blood were assayed for their ability to suppress the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) of SD responder and (SD X Wistar) F1 stimulator cells. Suppressor activity rapidly increased with time up to 7 days after blood transfusion. Potent suppression of the MLR was observed with sera obtained between 7 and 15 days after the treatment. Thereafter, suppressor activity gradually decreased but sera obtained even 21 days after the treatment still suppressed the MLR by more than 50%. The experimental results suggest that MLR suppressor factor(s) generated in the recipients by blood transfusion may play an important role in preventing renal graft rejection. Furthermore, not only class II antigens but also class I antigens in the transfusate may be relevant to the immune response which causes a beneficial effect by pretransplant blood transfusion
トーラス アテハメホウ ニヨル ギンガケイ リキガク コウゾウ ノ コウチク ニツイテ チョウキョリリョク ニ シハイ サレタ タタイケイ ジコ ソシキカ ノ トウイツテキ リカイ オ メザシテ
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for patients with advanced testicular tumor
Get PDF1)非セミノーマstage 2Aに対しては郭清術あるいは化学療法のどちらを先に行っても治療成績の面では良好な結果がえられるが, 郭清術による腫瘍細胞の播種防止という観点からすれば化学療法を先行させた方がよい。2)非セミノーマでは化学療法後のPR例の残存腫瘍に腫瘍細胞が高率に残存しており, 郭清術を適応する必要がある。しかしCRなら郭清術を行わなくてもよいという結論はえられなかった。3)セミノーマでは化学療法(あるいは放射線療法)後の残存腫瘍が3cm未満あるいは縮小率が約80%以上であれば, 腫瘍細胞が存在する率は非常に低く郭清術を行う必要はないWe examined the indication for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for 30 patients with advanced testicular tumor and made the following conclusion. The sequence of RPLND and primary chemotherapy made no difference in the therapeutic effect for patients with stage II A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). However, we thought it better to administer primary chemotherapy prior to RPLND to prevent dissemination of tumor cells. Viable tumor cells often remained in retroperitoneal residual tumors even after chemotherapy in the patients with NSGCT advanced beyond stage II B. Therefore, RPLND seemed to be necessary if residual retroperitoneal tumors were found after the chemotherapy. In patients with seminoma, RPLND did not seem to be necessary if the residual tumor was less than 3 cm in diameter or the reduction rate of the retroperitoneal tumor was more than 80% after the initial therapy (chemotherapy or irradiation therapy
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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