1,720,989 research outputs found
A roadmap of artificial intelligence applications in pediatric surgery: a comprehensive review of applications, challenges, and ethical considerations
Full text linkArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are rapidly transforming healthcare, with growing interest in their application to rare pediatric surgical conditions. In these settings, limited data availability often brakes traditional research. Although pediatric surgery has historically been slower than other specialties in adopting ML, recent years have seen an increase in AI-driven tools designed for surgical care. This review presents an overview of AI applications in pediatric surgery, highlighting current uses, benefits, challenges, and their potential clinical impact. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies on AI and ML models relevant to pediatric surgery. The findings indicate that ML is mainly applied in predictive decision support, particularly for preoperative risk stratification, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative outcome prediction. AI is especially valuable in endoscopic and minimally invasive procedures, where it enhances the visualization of anatomical landmarks. In pediatric oncologic surgery, AI aids in the accurate localization and delineation of tumors. Additionally, AI improves pathology workflows through automated image analysis and annotation, supporting both diagnosis and education. Despite these advances, ethical and regulatory challenges remain. Ensuring data privacy and obtaining informed consent are essential. When responsibly implemented, AI can significantly improve pediatric surgical care
Anticollusion watermarking of 3D meshes by prewarping
No full textA novel pre-warping technique for 3D meshes is presented to prevent collusion attacks on fingerprinted 3D models. By extending a similar technique originally proposed for still images, the surface of watermarked 3D meshes is randomly and imperceptibly pre-distorted to protect embedded fingerprints against collusion attacks. The peculiar problems set by the 3D nature of the data are investigated and solved by preserving the perceptual quality of warped meshes. The proposed approach is independent of the chosen fingerprinting system. The proposed algorithm can be implemented inside a watermarking chain, as an independent block, before performing features extraction and watermark embedding. It follows that the detection algorithm is not influenced by the anti-collusion block. The application of different collusion strategies has revealed the difficulty for colluders to inhibit watermark detection while ensuring an acceptable quality of the attacked mode
Computer Aided Design Tool for GT Ventilation System Ductworks
No full textThe proper design of a ventilation system (VS) is an important requirement in the Gas Turbine (GT) and energy production industry in general. In fact, ventilation systems are designed to provide a continuous source of cooling air so as to: remove heat and maintain the air temperature in the compartment below the operating limit; prevent the accumulation of hazardous gases; preserve a constant and uniform airflow through the ducts, independently from the environmental conditions; avoid accidental dust and sand contamination in gas turbines, especially when these are located in regions prone to sandstorm conditions. When compared to typical Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, the design of VSs results particularly challenging since many requirements, generally involving different engineering aspects such as fluid-dynamic, acoustic and structural, have to be fulfilled. Generally speaking, a VS is composed by a number of elements such as linear ducts, expansion joints, transition duct sections, elbows, outlets to the atmosphere, supports, saddles and brackets. Shape and dimensions of these elements may significantly vary depending on the kind of application. Basically, the elements may have circular/oval or rectangular/square section. In the first case, they are manufactured by employing calendaring process followed by welding. Otherwise, the component is realized by cutting and welding metal sheets. Elements are coupled by using bolted flanges or welded joints in order to obtain the entire VS ductwork
Comparing two 3D measurement techniques for documenting painted wooden panels surface deformations on a real test case: "mystical Marriage of Saint Catherine" by Renaissance artist Piero di Cosimo
No full textAncient wooden panel paintings are an essential part of our cultural heritage. Wood as artworks support has always been very popular and painted panels are largely diffuse in many churches and museums. However, depending on conservation conditions, the wooden panels shape may vary and if not properly controlled may lead to some sever damage to the artworks. This paper presents the results of a study on the measurement of paintings surface deformation carried out using two different three-dimensional acquisition devices both making use of structured light. The main goal was to highlight and measure the reliability of such 3D measuring techniques to evaluate deviations from planarity due to the curving and warping of the wood and to document spatial deformation suffered by the painting and monitoring its conservation status
Automatic graves' orientation detection: A tool for spatial archeology
No full textThe assessment of the preferred orientation of graves in a necropolis represents an interesting contribution to the study of a civilization. In this paper two different methods are presented. The first one implies a parameterization of the map, i.e. its manual translation into a shapefile, where each grave of the necropolis is separately analyzed and a subsequent automatic orientation of the whole necropolis is achieved. This method proved to be highly reliable in the determining the tomb orientation and entrance direction, although it was quite time consuming, since a fairly important amount of manual work was required. On the other hand, the alternative proposed method using the Radon transform proved to be able to assess the main direction of the whole necropolis analyzing the scanned map image, in a fast and reliable way, without the need of any manual intervention. However in the simplest implementation and for the entire image at once, with the Radon transform it is not possible to determine the versus of the located lines. This is instead achievable when analyzing the single graves. In both cases, the main orientation was correctly detecte
Identification of pictorial materials by means of optimized multispectral reflectance image processing
No full textImage spectroscopy may allow identifying the materials present on a painting surface in a non-invasive way. The proposed method aims at optimizing, and thus reducing, the number of filters employed, while still providing a robust method, that achieves similar performances as traditional ones, which in turn employ a large number of filters. Moreover, we targeted the identification of the pigments present on the outer layer of a painting independently from their thickness, the underlying background or support, the binder employed, their aging and acquisition set-up. In order to achieve this objective, a relevant number of swatches have been prepared, on different supports and with different thicknesses and binding mediums. Spectral reflectance curves of such chemically known pictorial layers have been recorded by means of a spectrometer and a spectrophotometer. A novel Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based approach has been devised to select the most relevant wavebands, i.e. those that allow the most effective discrimination among (quasi)metameric colours, which are thus not to be distinguished with the naked eye or with an RGB camera. Comparisons of results using the 13 filters available on the filter wheel and of a selection of only 3 and 4 filters, support the idea of the simplified version investigated in this paper being a viable alternativ
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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