1,721,027 research outputs found
A picture of modern Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals: Production, chemistry, and applications in molecular imaging
No full textEven today, techentium-99m represents the radionuclide of choice for diagnostic radio-imaging applications. Its peculiar physical and chemical properties make it particularly suitable for medical imaging. By the use of molecular probes and perfusion radiotracers, it provides rapid and non-invasive evaluation of the function, physiology, and/or pathology of organs. The versatile chemistry of technetium-99m, due to its multi-oxidation states, and, consequently, the ability to produce a variety of complexes with particular desired characteristics, are the major advantages of this medical radionuclide. The advances in technetium coordination chemistry over the last 20 years, in combination with recent advances in detector technologies and reconstruction algorithms, make SPECT's spatial resolution comparable to that of PET, allowing 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals to have an important role in nuclear medicine and to be particularly suitable for molecular imaging. In this review the most effcient chemical methods, based on the modern concept of the 99mTc-metal fragment approach, applied to the development of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging, are described. A specific paragraph is dedicated to the development of new 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer
Correction: Uccelli, L., et al. Therapeutic Radiometals: Worldwide Scientific Literature Trend Analysis (2008–2018). <i>Molecules</i> 2019, <i>24</i>, 640
No full textThe authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...
99mTc-labeled FAPI compounds for cancer and inflammation: from radiochemistry to the first clinical applications
No full textbackground: In recent years, fibroblast activating protein (FAP), a biomarker overexpressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts, has emerged as one of the most promising biomarkers in oncology. similarly, FAP overexpression has been detected in various fibroblast-mediated inflammatory conditions such as liver cirrhosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. along this trajectory, FAP-targeted positron emission tomography (PET), utilizing FAP inhibitors (FAPi) labeled with positron emitters, has gained traction as a powerful imaging approach in both cancer and inflammation. however, PET represents a high-cost technology, and its widespread adoption is still limited compared to the availability of gamma cameras. to address this issue, several efforts have been made to explore the potential of [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers as molecular probes for imaging with gamma cameras and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
main body: several approaches have been investigated for labeling FAPi-based compounds with 99mTc. specifically, the mono-oxo, tricarbonyl, isonitrile, and HYNIC strategies have been applied to produce [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers, which have been tested in vitro and in animal models. overall, these labeling approaches have demonstrated high efficiency and strong binding. the resulting [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers have shown high specificity for FAP-positive cells and xenografts in both in vitro and animal model studies, respectively. however, the majority of [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers have exhibited variable levels of lipophilicity, leading to preferential excretion through the hepatobiliary route and undesirable binding to lipoproteins. consequently, efforts have been made to synthesize more hydrophilic FAPi-based compounds to improve pharmacokinetic properties and achieve a more favorable biodistribution, particularly in the abdominal region. SPECT imaging with [99mTc]Tc-FAPi has yielded promising results in patients with gastrointestinal tumors, demonstrating comparable or superior diagnostic performance compared to other imaging modalities. similarly, encouraging outcomes have been observed in subjects with gliomas, lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. beyond oncological applications, [99mTc]Tc-FAPi-based imaging has been successfully employed in myocardial and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
conclusions: this overview focuses on the various radiochemical strategies for obtaining [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers, highlighting the main challenges encountered and possible solutions when applying each distinct approach. additionally, it covers the preclinical and initial clinical applications of [99mTc]Tc-FAPi in cancer and inflammation
Technologies for improving laboratory learning in healthcare professions: the case of instructional video
No full textAudiovisual cognitive artifacts in all their forms are increasingly used in flipped, blended, MOOCs and conventional teaching and learning processes. During the health emergency due to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, they were in many cases, in schools and universities, the only response to the need to follow up on training processes, which were compulsorily remote, becoming the educational media par excellence. This work concerns the use of educational technologies, specifically two audiovisual didactic texts, carried out in compliance with international multimedia design standards, to support conventional face-to-face didactic activities, in the field of professional health training (Laboratory for the simulation of radio-pharmacy activities, at the University of Ferrara, Italy). It is functional research to verify, on the one hand, the reinforcement of declarative knowledge (through a questionnaire administered in person immediately after the videos had been viewed) and, on the other hand, the perception of the effectiveness of the educational resources used (through a questionnaire administered online one week after the video had been viewed) for the reinforcement of procedural knowledge. All the instruments were administered to the entire group of students attending the degree course for medical radiographers (21 subjects), divided into two groups: the first group consisting of 11 subjects who still had to carry out the practical internship period; the second group consisting of 10 subjects who had already completed the internship. The final objective is twofold: (1) to contribute to the research area of video-based learning aimed at experimentally verifying the design principles underlying multimedia learning; (2) to verify the application of this methodology within laboratory teaching of medical degree courses and the health professions in order to meet educational needs in terms of improving the learning processes of complex manual procedures
Recent Advances in Preclinical Studies of the Theranostic Agent [64Cu]CuCl2
No full text64Cu is gaining recognition not only for its diagnostic capabilities in nuclear medical imaging but also for its therapeutic and theranostic potential. The simultaneous βˉ and Auger emissions of 64Cu can be utilized to induce a therapeutic effect on cancerous lesions. The finding of the exceptional biodistribution characteristics of the radionuclide 64Cu, when administered as basic copper ions, has highlighted its potential therapeutic application in cancer treatment. Preclinical and clinical research on the effectiveness of [64Cu]CuCl2 as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical has commenced only in the past decade. Current clinical studies are increasingly demonstrating the high specificity and uptake of [64Cu]Cu2+ by malignant tissues during early cancer progression, indicating its potential for early cancer diagnosis across various organs. This short review aims to present the latest preclinical studies involving [64Cu]CuCl2, offering valuable insights for researchers planning new in vitro and in vivo studies to explore the theranostic potential of [64Cu]Cu2+
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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