214 research outputs found
Systemische antibiotische Prophylaxe zur Vorbeugung infektiöser Komplikationen nach maxillofazialer Traumachirurgie: Eine Cochrane systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Metaanalyse
No full textBackground: Antibiotics are commonly administrated perioperatively to prevent
postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) of facial fractures treated with open reduction
and internal fixation (ORIF). However, there is no consensus on the optimal duration
and class of prophylactic antibiotics. We investigated the effect of different antibiotic
regimens and examined the efficacy and safety antibiotics for preventing complications
following the surgical reduction of facial fractures.
Methods: In October 2019, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled
Trials; Ovid MEDLINE; and Ovid EMBASE. We included randomized controlled trials
(RCTs) involving people undergoing ORIF for maxillofacial trauma surgery and
comparing one regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis with any other regimen, placebo or no
antibiotics. The primary outcomes were SSI and systemic infections. Secondary
outcomes were rate of retreatment surgery, adverse events, total treatment costs,
duration of stay in hospital and health-related quality of life. Two assessors examined
the title and abstracts of references identified in the literature search, extracted data
and assessed the risk of bias in included studies.
Main results: We included 14 RCTs in this review that reported the rate of SSI. We
pooled the studies into subgroups based on the prophylaxis regimen. Comparing
intraoperative prophylaxis and postoperative prophylaxis in terms of SSI showed no to
little difference between groups (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.74 to 2.04; participants = 408;
studies = 5; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence). Also, comparing short-term and longterm postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis showed no to little reduction in the risk of SSI
(RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.47; participants = 570; studies = 7; I2 = 0%; moderatequality evidence) and the risk of adverse events (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.38;
participants = 295; studies = 4; I2 = 0%, high-quality evidence). There was no difference
in terms of retreatment surgery and systemic infections in both comparisons. Most
studies had an unclear risk of bias prompting us to downgrade the quality of evidence
for outcomes.
Conclusions: There is little or no difference between single-shot intraoperative
prophylaxis or short-term (48 hours) postoperative
prophylaxis in the rate of SSI and adverse events. The studies comparing antibiotic
prophylaxis for facial fractures other than mandibular fractures were scarce. Further
evidence for these fracture sites is neededHintergrund: Antibiotika werden üblicherweise perioperativ verabreicht, um eine
postoperative Infektion der Operationsgebiet von Gesichtsfrakturen zu verhindern,
welche mit einer Reposition und Osteosynthese (ORIF) behandelt wurden. Ein
Konsens über die optimale Dauer und Klasse der prophylaktischen Antibiotika besteht
jedoch nicht. Wir untersuchten die Wirksamkeit und die Sicherheit der perioperativen
antibiotischen Prophylaxe nach der ORIF von Gesichtsfrakturen.
Methoden: Im Oktober 2019 führten wir eine Suche in den folgenden elektronischen
Datenbanken durch: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE,
Ovid EMBASE und EBSCO CINAHL. Nur randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs),
die Patienten mit durch ORIF behandelten maxillofazialen Frakturen rekrutierten,
wurden eingeschlossen. Wir verglichen daraufhin unterschiedlichen Regimen der
Antibiotikaprophylaxe miteinander, mit Placebo oder mit keiner Prophylaxe. Der
primäre Outcome ist die postoperative Infektion. Sekundäre Outcomes waren
systemische Infektionen, Rate der Nachbehandlungsoperationen, unerwünschte
Ereignisse, Gesamtbehandlungskosten, Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthalts und
gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität. Zwei Gutachter untersuchten den Titel und die
Abstracts der in der Literaturrecherche identifizierten Referenzen, extrahierten Daten
und bewerteten das Risiko einer Verzerrung in eingeschlossenen Studien.
Hauptergebnisse: Wir haben 14 RCTs eingeschlossen und basierend auf dem
Prophylaxeschema in Untergruppen zusammengefasst.
Der Vergleich der intraoperativen Prophylaxe und der postoperativen Prophylaxe
hinsichtlich der postoperativen Infektion zeigte keinen bis geringen Unterschied
zwischen den Gruppen (RR: 1,23; 95% CI 0,74 bis 2,04; Teilnehmer = 408; Studien =
5; I2 = 0%; mäßiger Evidenzqualität). Der Vergleich der kurz- und langfristigen
postoperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe zeigte ebenso keine bis geringe Verringerung
des Infektionsrisikos (RR: 0,76; 95% CI 0,39 bis 1,47; Teilnehmer = 570; Studien = 7;
I2 = 0%; mäßige Evidenzqualität) und das Risiko unerwünschter Ereignisse (RR: 0,61;
95% CI 0,27 bis 1,38; Teilnehmer = 295; Studien = 4; I2 = 0%, hochwertige
Evidenzqualität). In beiden Vergleichen gab es keinen Unterschied in Bezug auf
Nachbehandlungsoperationen und systemische Infektionen. Die meisten Studien
hatten ein unklares Verzerrungspotenzial, was uns dazu veranlasste, die Qualität der
Evidenz für die Ergebnisse herabzustufen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Es gibt kaum oder keinen Unterschied zwischen einer intraoperativen Einzelschussprophylaxe oder einer kurzzeitigen (<48 Stunden) oder
langfristigen (> 48 Stunden) postoperativen Prophylaxe in Bezug auf die Rate der
postoperativen Infektionen und unerwünschte Ereignisse. Die Studien zum Vergleich
der Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei anderen Gesichtsfrakturen als Unterkieferfrakturen
waren rar. Weitere Studien für diese Frakturstellen sind erforderlich.vi, 87 Seite
a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
No full textBackground The eastern Mediterranean region is comprised of 22 countries:
Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia,
Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Since our Global
Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010), the region has faced unrest as a
result of revolutions, wars, and the so-called Arab uprisings. The objective
of this study was to present the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk
factors in the eastern Mediterranean region as of 2013. Methods GBD 2013
includes an annual assessment covering 188 countries from 1990 to 2013. The
study covers 306 diseases and injuries, 1233 sequelae, and 79 risk factors.
Our GBD 2013 analyses included the addition of new data through updated
systematic reviews and through the contribution of unpublished data sources
from collaborators, an updated version of modelling software, and several
improvements in our methods. In this systematic analysis, we use data from GBD
2013 to analyse the burden of disease and injuries in the eastern
Mediterranean region specifically. Findings The leading cause of death in the
region in 2013 was ischaemic heart disease (90·3 deaths per 100 000 people),
which increased by 17·2% since 1990. However, diarrhoeal diseases were the
leading cause of death in Somalia (186·7 deaths per 100 000 people) in 2013,
which decreased by 26·9% since 1990. The leading cause of disability-adjusted
life-years (DALYs) was ischaemic heart disease for males and lower respiratory
infection for females. High blood pressure was the leading risk factor for
DALYs in 2013, with an increase of 83·3% since 1990. Risk factors for DALYs
varied by country. In low-income countries, childhood wasting was the leading
cause of DALYs in Afghanistan, Somalia, and Yemen, whereas unsafe sex was the
leading cause in Djibouti. Non-communicable risk factors were the leading
cause of DALYs in high-income and middle-income countries in the region. DALY
risk factors varied by age, with child and maternal malnutrition affecting the
younger age groups (aged 28 days to 4 years), whereas high bodyweight and
systolic blood pressure affected older people (aged 60–80 years). The
proportion of DALYs attributed to high body-mass index increased from 3·7% to
7·5% between 1990 and 2013. Burden of mental health problems and drug use
increased. Most increases in DALYs, especially from non-communicable diseases,
were due to population growth. The crises in Egypt, Yemen, Libya, and Syria
have resulted in a reduction in life expectancy; life expectancy in Syria
would have been 5 years higher than that recorded for females and 6 years
higher for males had the crisis not occurred. Interpretation Our study shows
that the eastern Mediterranean region is going through a crucial health phase.
The Arab uprisings and the wars that followed, coupled with ageing and
population growth, will have a major impact on the region's health and
resources. The region has historically seen improvements in life expectancy
and other health indicators, even under stress. However, the current situation
will cause deteriorating health conditions for many countries and for many
years and will have an impact on the region and the rest of the world. Based
on our findings, we call for increased investment in health in the region in
addition to reducing the conflicts. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing infectious complications in maxillofacial trauma surgery
No full textKeratin 19 maintains epithelial cell shape and cell adhesion through stabilization of E-cadherin complex in breast cancer cells
No full textA presentation that was delivered in the Fifth University Research Day at the Catholic University of America in 2020
Writing English Sentences More Effectively By Avoiding Arabian Students’ Typical Mistakes
No full textIn Arabic speaking countries like Saudi Arabia, English is considered as the most important second language to be taught and used. Unfortunately, a sizeable percentage of students there appear to still have significant difficulty learning English, possibly due to the difficulty in finding sufficiently qualified teachers. This type of problem is self-perpetuating since the taught students might become weak teachers in the future also. This thesis aims to address the problem of helping Arabic students to improve their writing in English and to help them learn so that they will make fewer mistakes in the future and possibly become better teachers themselves. It focuses on creating methods to find the most typical mistakes made by those Arabian students in their writing, mistakes which were determined by the author from both self-observation and a review of related research findings (The author also saw these mistakes in the sentences used by subjects who tried pilot versions of the software). The result of this work is usable software that is able to detect, correct, and provide grammatical rules related to the most common mistakes found in the written sentences of the target Arabian students, when the sentences are in the present tense. These types are errors related to the following rules: (1) letters capitalization rules, (2) adj-noun ordering in the sentence, (3) proper use of the verb to be, (4) punctuation placement rules, (5) the use of the articles “a” and “an” within a sentence, and (6) rules for the possessive case. The software was evaluated using the author’s observation on the use of the software by 22 Arabian students and by letting them afterwards to complete a usability and usefulness survey. The results of the evaluation suggest that Arabs will mostly like how the software treats punctuation placing errors. Students also advised the author that it would be beneficial for the software to address a broader range of typical mistakes. This work is the first to create software specifically for Arabic students of English to help them to find their grammatical errors, provide suggested correction, and teach the student the grammatical rules needed to correct his/her sentence
Writing English Sentences More Effectively By Avoiding Arabian Students’ Typical Mistakes
No full textIn Arabic speaking countries like Saudi Arabia, English is considered as the most important second language to be taught and used. Unfortunately, a sizeable percentage of students there appear to still have significant difficulty learning English, possibly due to the difficulty in finding sufficiently qualified teachers. This type of problem is self-perpetuating since the taught students might become weak teachers in the future also. This thesis aims to address the problem of helping Arabic students to improve their writing in English and to help them learn so that they will make fewer mistakes in the future and possibly become better teachers themselves. It focuses on creating methods to find the most typical mistakes made by those Arabian students in their writing, mistakes which were determined by the author from both self-observation and a review of related research findings (The author also saw these mistakes in the sentences used by subjects who tried pilot versions of the software). The result of this work is usable software that is able to detect, correct, and provide grammatical rules related to the most common mistakes found in the written sentences of the target Arabian students, when the sentences are in the present tense. These types are errors related to the following rules: (1) letters capitalization rules, (2) adj-noun ordering in the sentence, (3) proper use of the verb to be, (4) punctuation placement rules, (5) the use of the articles “a” and “an” within a sentence, and (6) rules for the possessive case.
The software was evaluated using the author’s observation on the use of the software by 22 Arabian students and by letting them afterwards to complete a usability and usefulness survey. The results of the evaluation suggest that Arabs will mostly like how the software treats punctuation placing errors. Students also advised the author that it would be beneficial for the software to address a broader range of typical mistakes.
This work is the first to create software specifically for Arabic students of English to help them to find their grammatical errors, provide suggested correction, and teach the student the grammatical rules needed to correct his/her sentence
Peritumoral Invasion and Survival in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—The Role of Perineural and Lymphovascular Invasion
No full textBackground/Objectives: Perineural (PnI), lymphatic (LI), and vascular invasion (VI) in tumor specimens are supposed to worsen the clinical course of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and negatively influence survival outcomes. Despite this, these histologic features have not been implemented in the international staging recommendation for OSCC and their prognostic role remains questionable due to inconsistent findings in the related literature. Methods: To investigate the impact of PnI, LI, and VI on oral cancer-specific (OCSS), recurrence-free (RFS), and overall survival (OS), we hypothesized that these histologic features are independent risk factors for poor survival and therefore considered within a prospectively maintained single-center cohort of patients with OSCC. LI and VI were assessed together and reported as lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Results: This study included 439 patients with primary OSCC. Sixty-nine Patients (21.9%) had at least one of the two risk factors. Within the 5-year follow-up period, 61 of these patients (64%) died, and 30 patients (31%) developed locoregional recurrences. Both perineural and lymphovascular invasion were strongly correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis. PnI and LVI were investigated separately using an adjusted Cox’s proportional hazards regression model. In addition to higher tumor size and the presence of nodal disease (higher stage) the presence of LVI was associated with poor OS, OCSS, and RFS on multivariate analysis, while PnI was associated with reduced OS. In stage III/IV postoperative radiotherapy improved survival in patients with PnI but not with LVI. Conclusions: We conclude that the evidence of LVI in tumor specimens should be considered a high-risk factor when planning adjuvant treatment and monitoring patients with OSCC
Tendencias globales de investigación en neuromarketing: 2015-2020
No full texthe growth interesting in discovering the consumers’ behaviours, emotional and cognitive processes in marketing research have led to an increasing number of publications. This paper evaluates the global research trends in the neuromarketing/consumer neuroscience domain based on the most productive journals, countries, institutions, authors, the number of documents and citations. This paper was structured based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework in selecting all relevant documents for this bibliometric study. A total of 119 documents have been extracted and analysed from the Scopus database. The findings revealed that Spain is the leading country in this field of research with 21 publications, and the most productive institution was Universidad Complutense de Madrid, with seven documents. In addition, Ma, Q. is the most prolific author with four publications and 11 citations. Interestingly, although Frontiers in Psychology is the most productive journal with 11 publications, the Comunicar journal has the highest average citation per item. Keywords and citation analysis are highly significant to know the most impactful documents and words in neuromarketing. For example, EEG (18 occurrences and 43 total link strength) mean EEG occurrence 22 times, and total link strength for these occurrences are 43 links with neuromarketing theme. Chew L.H. et al., have published the most cited document with 27 citations. We believe that our study will provide a comprehensive overview of global trends in the neuromarketing domain. El creciente interés en el descubrimiento de los comportamientos emocionales y de los procesos cognitivos de los consumidores, en la investigación de mercados ha llevado a un número creciente de publicaciones. Este artículo evalúa las tendencias de investigación global en el dominio del neuromarketing / neurociencia del consumidor con base en las revistas científicas más productivas, los países, las instituciones, los autores, y el número de documentos y citas. La estructura de este artículo está basado en el sistema Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) y selecciona todos los documentos relevantes para este estudio bibliométrico. Se han extraído y analizado un total de 119 documentos de la base de datos Scopus. Los hallazgos revelaron que España es el país líder en este campo de investigación con 21 publicaciones, y la institución más productiva fue la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, con siete documentos. Además, Ma, Q. es el autor más prolífico con cuatro publicaciones y 11 citas. Curiosamente, aunque Frontiers in Psychology es la revista más productiva con 11 publicaciones, la revista Comunicar tiene el promedio más alto de citas por ítem. El análisis de palabras clave y citas es muy significativo para conocer los documentos y palabras más impactantes en neuromarketing. Por ejemplo, EEG (18 apariciones y 43 fuerza de enlace total) significa la ocurrencia de EEG 22 veces, y la fuerza de vínculo total para estas apariciones son 43 vínculos con el tema del neuromarketing. Chew L.H. et al., ha publicado el documento más citado con 27 citas. 
Ranks, Cranks, and Automorphic Forms
No full textThe results of this thesis cover the author’s work on partitions, on statistics related to the rank and crank, and on analytic number theory. The connection between t-cores and sums of squares was initiated by Ono and Sze for 4-cores and further studied by Bringmann, Kane, and Males for self-conjugate 7-cores. Males and the author investigate this phenomenon for all t-cores and self-conjugated t-cores, and the details of this paper and of an alternate proof of a q-series identity of Garvan, Kim, and Stanton are provided in Chapter II. Recently, Stanton conjectured that certain polynomials defined in terms of the rank and crank have divisibility properties that may give an insight into how to define a map between the equinumerous classes provided by the rank and crank. Bringmann, Gomez, Rolen, and the author prove part of Stanton’s conjecture and provide cranks for k-colored partitions (similar to those of Rolen, Wagner, and the author) that appear to satisfy a conjecture similar to Stanton’s. Full proofs of these results are given in Chapter III. The log-concavity of p(n) for n > 25 is a well-known result that was independently proven by Nicolas and by DeSalvo and Pak. Many other inequalities combining multiplicative and additive properties of the partition function and related functions have been shown. Chern, Fu, and Tang and Heim and Neuhauser have conjectured such an inequality for k-colored partitions and fractional partitions respectively, and work of Bringmann, Kane, Rolen, and the author has provided partial progress towards the conjecture of Heim–Neuhauser and proved the conjecture of Chern–Fu–Tang. In particular, it follows that the k-colored partition function is log-concave for integral k ≥ 3. Details of the analytic proof of this fact are given in Chapter IV. In the final two chapters, a summary of the author’s work with Griffin, Ono, Rolen, Thorner, and Wagner concerning effective results towards an alternative criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis and of forthcoming work of Alsharif, Gibson, de Laat, Milinovich, Rolen, Wagner, and the author concerning the proportions of distinct zeros of the Dedekind zeta function are given
SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON NEUROMARKETING TOOLS IN ADVERTISING
No full textNeuromarketing (NM) is a relatively new area of marketing that involves innovative technological changes in the marketing research process and the tools and methods used. Considering the novelty of the domain, the subject of the study is chosen to be articles published in scientific literature describing neuromarketing tools used in advertising. This study examined articles in the field of advertising that used neuromarketing techniques to measure consumers' neural and physiological responses to advertising, which has not yet been covered in the literature. Methodology. To fill the gap in the literature, the authors, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, selected relevant articles and conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify global trends and developments in the field of advertising and neuromarketing. From the Web of Science (WoS) database, 41 articles published between 2009 and 2020 were extracted and analyzed. Purpose of the study was to establish a background for advertising research based on the application of NM tools. The findings revealed that Spain was the most productive country with eleven papers published in a domain of advertising research, followed by Italy and the USA with eight and seven papers, respectively. Among academic institutions, Sapienza University Rome was recognized as the leading academic organization with three articles. As for the most productive journals, Frontiers in Psychology was the most cited journal with eight articles and 29 total citations (TC). As the highest productive author, Babiloni, F. with two papers and 68 TCs by 2020 was identified. Keyword analysis showed that "advertising" (27 occurrences and 127 total references) is the most frequently used keyword. The analysis of co-occurrence of keywords showed that NM focused on marketing research such as advertising (12 occurrences, 63 total link strength (TLS)), followed by brain processes such as attention, emotions and memory. The paper titled “Neuromarketing: The new science of consumer behavior” was the most-cited paper with 152 TCs. Conclusion of the study. This study presents a brief overview of the latest universal areas of neuromarketing and advertising research. The findings suggest that neuroscientific methods and techniques are extremely important for mapping consumers' neural and physiological responses to advertising
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