1,725,477 research outputs found
The impact of voluntary counselling and Testing:a global review of the benefits and challenges
Full text linkModelling HIV epidemics in the antiretroviral era: the UNAIDS Estimation and Projection package 2009.
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: The UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) is a tool for country-level estimation and short-term projection of HIV/AIDS epidemics based on fitting observed HIV surveillance data on prevalence. This paper describes the adaptations made in EPP 2009, the latest version of this tool, as new issues have arisen in the global response, in particular the global expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART). RESULTS: By December 2008 over 4 million people globally were receiving ART, substantially improving their survival. EPP 2009 required modifications to correctly adjust for the effects of ART on incidence and the resulting increases in HIV prevalence in populations with high ART coverage. Because changing incidence is a better indicator of program impact, the 2009 series of UNAIDS tools also focuses on calculating incidence alongside prevalence. Other changes made in EPP 2009 include: an improved procedure, incremental mixture importance sampling, for efficiently generating more accurate uncertainty estimates; provisions to vary the urban/rural population ratios in generalised epidemics over time; introduction of a modified epidemic model that accommodates behaviour change in low incidence settings; and improved procedures for calibrating models. This paper describes these changes in detail, and discusses anticipated future changes in the next version of EPP
UNAIDS : preparing for the future; report of the UNAIDS Leadership Transition Working Group
No full textIn January 2009 Michel Sidibé assumed leadership of the Secretariat of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) from its founding Executive Director, Dr. Peter Piot. With this transition the role of the organization is examined in order to continue an effective global response to HIV and AIDS. The report draws on a series of interviews and global consultations (annexes B and C). UNAIDS plays a key role in holding both donor and other country governments accountable by tracking commitments that have been made and forging deeper commitments for a long-term response to the pandemic
PRACTICE POINTS: Provisional WHO/UNAIDS Secretariat Recommendations on the Use of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Adults and Children Living with HIV/AIDS in Africa
No full text[World Health Organization/UNAIDS] Geneva, October, 2000.
Prophylactic treatment with cotrimoxazole can potentially enhance essential HIV care programmes in Africa by preventing several secondary bacterial and parasitic infections in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). This intervention has been discussed at a UNAIDS/WHO consultation held in Harare, Zimbabwe on 29-31 March 2000. In view of the urgent need to preserve the health and well-being of HIV-infected individuals in Africa, where the HIV epidemic has its largest impact, WHO and the UNAIDS secretariat endorse the following as provisional recommendations: [ given in full in journal]
African Health Sciences 2001; 1(1): 30-31
36th meeting of the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board Geneva, Switzerland. 30 June-2 July 2015.
No full textThe UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board, Recalling that all aspects of UNAIDS work are directed by the following guiding principles:
● Aligned to national stakeholders’ priorities;
● Based on the meaningful and measurable involvement of civil society, especially people living with HIV and key populations most at risk of HIV infection;
● Based on human rights and gender equality;
● Based on the best available scientific evidence and technical knowledge;
● Promoting comprehensive responses to AIDS that integrate prevention, treatment, care and support; and
● Based on the principle of non-discrimination
Agenda item 5: Follow-up to the thematic segment from the 35th Programme Coordinating Board meeting:
8.1 Takes note with appreciation of the summary report of the Programme Coordinating Board thematic session on halving HIV transmission among people who inject drugs and recalls decision points 8.1 through 8.11 of the 24th UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board meeting;
8.2 Recognizes the need to strengthen action to address transmission of HIV among people who use drugs, by adopting and implementing comprehensive drug policies that are based on evidence and respect for human rights, that promote the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health, that respect the dignity of all persons, and that are informed by the harm reduction interventions related to HIV and people who use drugs, as enumerated in the WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS Technical Guide For Countries to Set Targets for HIV Prevention, Treatment and Care for Injecting Drug Users and the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Care for Key Populations, in line with national contexts, and further, that HIV services for people who use drugs should be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated with inclusion of people who use drugs;
8.3 Encourages the Joint Programme to:
a. Work with member states to develop evidence-based programming, which is gender sensitive and informed by the existing evidence and guidelines relevant to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users, including structural interventions that create enabling environments;
b. Within the framework of efforts to advocate for sufficient resources to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, work with member states and other donors to ensure that funding is allocated to implement effective, evidence-based programmes to address HIV and injecting drug use, including through the work of impacted civil society networks;
c. Strengthen recommendations regarding the importance of justice, law enforcement, and health sector collaboration, alternatives to incarceration, the need for science and evidence to drive policy, and comprehensive evidence-based prevention and treatment programmes, including medication-assisted treatment;
8.4 Encourages the Joint Programme and relevant partners to fully engage in, and bring their substantive expertise to, the 2016 UNGASS on the World Drug Problem in order to promote public health outcomes such as reducing HIV transmission and ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030, including in the framework of the International Drug Control System, and further encourages that issues impacting on HIV among people who use drugs feature prominently in the 2016 High Level Meeting on HIV
Editorial: methodological developments in the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS estimates
Full text linkThe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) publishes estimates of the HIV epidemic every year [1]. For 2016, estimates are available for 160 countries representing 98% of the global population. These estimates are produced by countries with guidance from UNAIDS. The methods used in this process continue to evolve over time under the stewardship of the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections [2].
In 2014, the WHO convened the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER) Working Group with the aim to define and promote good practice in reporting global health estimates [3]. The GATHER Statement is the outcome produced by this group. It defines a list of reporting requirements to allow for the accurate interpretation, and facilitate the appropriate use, of global health estimates [4]. UNAIDS fully endorses and supports the GATHER Statement.
The current special supplement, which details the methods used to produce the 2016 UNAIDS estimates, further supports the routine publication of data sources and methods used as part of an open and transparent process. It provides updates of the evolving understanding of the data on which the estimates are based, the methods used to derive the estimates, justification of changes in these methods, and the sources of new data available to inform these modifications. It follows a series of such collections [5–10] which have documented and described the evolving methods used to produce the UNAIDS Global AIDS estimates since 2004
Parents providing care to adult sons and daughters with HIV/AIDS in Thailand
Full text linkhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83333/1/sons_and_daughters.pd
Non-disclosure of HIV testing history in population-based surveys: implications for estimating a UNAIDS 90-90-90 target
Full text linkBackground: HIV/AIDS programmes and organisations around the world use routinely updated estimates of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets to track progress and prioritise further programme implementation. Any bias in these estimates has the potential to mislead organisations on where gaps exist in HIV testing and treatment programmes. Objective: To measure the extent of undisclosed HIV testing history and its impact on estimating the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who know their HIV status (the ‘first 90’ of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using population-based HIV serological surveillance conducted between 2010 and 2016 and linked, directly observed HIV testing records in Kisesa, Tanzania. Generalised estimating equations logistic regression models were used to detect associations with non-disclosure of HIV testing history adjusting for demographic, behavioural, and clinical characteristics. We compared estimates of the ‘first 90’ using self-reported survey data only and augmented estimates using information from linked records to quantify the absolute and relative impact of undisclosed HIV testing history. Results: Numbers of participants in each of the survey rounds ranged from 7171 to 7981 with an average HIV prevalence of 6.9%. Up to 33% of those who tested HIV-positive and 34% of those who tested HIV-negative did not disclose their HIV testing history. The proportion of PLHIV who reported knowing their status increased from 34% in 2010 to 65% in 2016. Augmented estimates including information from directly observed testing history resulted in an absolute impact of 6.7 percentage points and relative impact of 12.4%. Conclusions: In this population, self-reported testing history in population-based HIV serological surveys under-estimated the percentage of HIV positives that are diagnosed by a relative factor of 12%. Research should be employed in other surveillance systems that benefit from linked data to investigate how bias may vary across settings
Improved methods and assumptions for estimation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its impact: Recommendations of the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections.
No full textUNAIDS and WHO produce biannual country-specific estimates of HIV/AIDS and its impact. These estimates are based on methods and assumptions that reflect the best understanding of HIV epidemiology and demography at the time. Where significant advances are made in epidemiological and demographic research, the methods and assumptions must evolve to match these advances. UNAIDS established an Epidemiology Reference Group in 1999 to advise them and other organisations on HIV epidemiology and methods for making estimates and projections of HIV/AIDS. During the meeting of the reference group in 2001, four priority areas were identified where methods and assumptions should be reviewed and perhaps modified: a) models of the HIV epidemic, b) survival of adults with HIV-1 in low and middle income countries, c) survival of children with HIV-1 in low and middle income countries, and d) methods to estimate numbers of AIDS orphans. Research and literature reviews were carried out by Reference Group members and invited specialists, prior to meetings held during 2001-2. Recommendations reflecting the consensus of the meeting participants on the four priority areas were determined at each meeting. These recommendations were followed in UNAIDS and WHO development of country-specific estimates of HIV/AIDS and its impact for end of 2001
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