1,721,281 research outputs found
Strengthening technology incubation system for creating high technology-based enterprises in Asia and the Pacific
No full textImpact of exchange rate changes on domestic inflation: a study of a small Pacific Island economy
Full text linkThis paper investigates the effect of changes in exchange rate on consumer price level, in Fiji, known as exchange rate pass-through during a thirty year period (1982-2009). Specifically, three time periods are focused on: the pre-coup years (1982-1986); post coup years (1987-2009); and full time period (1982-2009). Monthly data on consumer price index, nominal exchange rate, monetary aggregate and interest rate are utilized. The study results show that the degree of exchange rate pass-through to domestic price was relatively low during the entire sample period at 0.183. It was 0.453 and 0.373 for the pre and post coups periods. Regardless of the sample periods under study, the monetary aggregate, as a variable plays a pivotal in stabilizing the price level.Exchange rate pass-through, price, monetary measure, cointegration, Granger causality
Manual on environmental and urban geology of fast-growing cities
No full textThe ESCAP 1996 Manual on Environmental and Urban Geology of Fast-Growing Cities provides comprehensive guidelines and methodologies for addressing geological challenges in rapidly urbanizing areas. It focuses on:
Urban Planning: Integrating geological considerations into urban development plans.
- Environmental Management: Mitigating geological hazards and promoting sustainable practices.
- Technical Approaches: Utilizing advanced geological techniques for urban infrastructure development.
- The manual aims to support policymakers, urban planners, and geologists in creating resilient and sustainable urban environments.List ofFigures .......................................................................................................................................................................................x
List ofTables .................................................................................................................................................................................... xvii
Abbreviations................................................................................................................................................................................... xviii
FOREWORD..................................................................................................................................................................................... xxi
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1:1
1.1 Urban expansion............................................................................................................................................................. 1:1
1.2 Urban hazards................................................................................................................................................................. 1:2
1.3 Urban geosciences........................................................................................................................................................... 1:3
1.4 Distinction from other fields in geosciences............................................................................................................. 1:3
1.5 Organization ofworkshop/training course ............................................................................................................... 1:4
2. DATA COLLECTION AND SURVEYING TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................ 2:1
2.1 Urban geodata....................................................................................................................................................................2:1
2.2 Types ofdata...................................................................................................................................................................... 2:1
2.2.1 Outcrops............................................................................................................................................................. 2:1
2.2.2 Bore holes .........................................................................................................................................................2:2
2.2.3 Hand drilling equipment ................................................................................................................................2:2
2.2.4 Continuous sampler.........................................................................................................................................2:3
2.2.5 Cone penetrometer...........................................................................................................................................2:4
2.2.6. Georadar............................................................................................................................................................. 2:5
2.2.7 High resolution seismic reflection method..................................................................................................2:6
2.2.8 Remote sensing methods ................................................................................................................................2:7
Remote sensing, geographic information systems and the environment: a review ofintedisciplinary issues
by Andrea G. Fabbri ........................................................................................................................................................................2:9
3. DATA PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION.............................................................................................................. 3:1
3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................................3:1
3.2 Datastorage.........................................................................................................................................................................3:1
3.3 Data processing..................................................................................................................................................................3:1
3.4 Data bases........................................................................................................................................................................... 3:2
3.5 Data feeding into data bases ........................................................................................................................................... 3:2
3.6 Data retrieval and interpretation .................................................................................................................................... 3:2
4. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)............................................................................................................4:1
4.1 What is a geographic information system?.............................................. 4:1
4.1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................4:1
4.1.2 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................ 4:1
4.1.3 Spatial operations.............................................................................................................................................4:2
4.1.4 Questions that a GIS can answer................................................................................................................. 4:4
4.1.5 Components of a GIS......................................................................................................................................4:5
4.1.6 GIS hardware....................................................................................................................................................4:6
4.1.7 GIS software......................................................................................................................................................4:7
4.1.8 GIS and planning.............................................................................................................................................4:9
4.2 Geographic data ............................................................................................................................................................. 4:10
4.2.1 Spatial data and attribute data ....................................................................................................................4:11
4.2.2 Spatial data......................................................................................................................................................4:11
4.2.2.1 Geographic position ...................................................................................................................4:11
4.2.2.2 Basic types ofspatial data..........................................................................................................4:13
4.2.2.3 Two spatial data structures: vector and raster........................................................................4:13
4.2.3 Attribute data..................................................................................................................................................4:15
4.2.4 Data linkage....................................................................................................................................................4:16
An engineering geological GIS data base for mountainous terrain
by C.J. van Westen, N. Rengers. R Soeters and M. T.J. Terlien............................................................................................4:18
vii
page
Remote sensing and GIS applied to mountain hazard mapping
by Niek Rengers, Robert Soeters and Cees J. Van Westen..................................................................................................... 4:27
5. DATA PRESENTATION ..........................................................................................................................................................5:1
5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................ 5:1
5.2 The process........................................................................................................................................................................ 5:1
5.3 Simplicety and lay-out ....................................................................................................................................................5:3
5.4 Scales and maps ............................................................................................................................................................... 5:4
5.5 Cross sections and block diagrams............................................................................................................................... 5:5
5.6 Reporting............................................................................................................................................................................. 5:7
Geological mapping: a key factor in national development
by P. G. Cooray................................................................................................................................................................................... 5:9
6. THEMATIC MAP PRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................6:1
6.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................................6:1
6.2 Examples ofthematic geological maps.........................................................................................................................6:3
6.2.1 Preview...............................................................................................................................................................6:3
6.2.2 Brief introduction ofthe geology ofthe Netherlands............................................................................... 6:3
6.2.3 “Subsoil uncovered” an example of geo-environmental thematic mapping........................................ 6:6
6.2.4. Distribution of industrial aggregates ...........................................................................................................6:6
6.2.5 Maps for landscape preservation ................................................................................................................. 6:7
6.2.6 Groundwater systems and waste disposal sites ........................................................................................ 6:8
6.2.7 Urban geological maps ofthe city ofLeiden............................................................................................. 6:9
6.2.8 Urbanized areas and land reciamation ......................................................................................................6:12
6.2.9 The London Underground City (LOCUS)...............................................................................................6:15
6.2.10 Foundation instability in the city ofthe Hague ...................................................................................... 6:15
6.2.11 Urban geological maps of Surabaya...........................................................................................................6:16
Thematic urban geological mapping exercises..........................................................................................................................6:20
Preparation and application of engineering and environmental geological maps in the Netherlands
by EF.J. de Mulder and R. HUlen.............................................................................................................................................. 6:30
Environmental impact assessment on land reclamation projects in the Netherlands: a case history
by E.F.J. de Mulder. A.J. van Bruchem, F.A.M. Claessen, G. Hannink, J.G. Hulsbergen and H. M.C. Satijn .... 6:38
7. URBAN GEOLOGY IN MAJOR CITIES IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC..................................................................... 7:1
7.1 Geotechnical problems in the development ofBangkok.......................................................................................... 7:1
7.1.1 Subsidence in Bnagkok ..................................................................................................................................7:4
7.1.2 Field evidence ..................................................................................................................................................7:5
7.1.3 Structural damage............................................................................................................................................. 7:7
7.1.4 Assessment and mitigation............................................................................................................................. 7:8
7.2 Geological problems in the development ofthe urban centre of Kuala Lumpur...............................................7:10
7.2.1 Karst bedrock.................................................................................................................................................. 7:12
7.2.2 Granitic bedrock............................................................................................................................................. 7:13
7.2.3 Mining ponds.................................................................................................................................................. 7:14
7.2.4 Mining activities..............................................................................................................................................7:14
7.2.5 Slope stability.................................................................................................................................................. 7:15
7.2.6 Soil flowage.....................................................................................................................................................7:16
7.2.7 Deep seated failure in colluvium ................................................................................................................ 7:16
7.2.8 Subsidence....................................................................................................................................................... 7:16
7.2.9 Erosion..............................................................................................................................................................7:16
7.3 Geological and geotechnical problems ofthe urban centreofManila .................................................................7:17
7.3.1 Engineering geology of Metro Manila....................................................................................................... 7:18
7.3.2 Guadalupe tufffoundation practices ......................................................................................................... 7:20
7.4 Geological problems in the development of Sydney................................................................................................7:21
7.4.1 Activities ofthe Department of Mineral Resources, Geological Survey ofNew South Wales . 7:21
7.4.2 Construction problems...................................................................................................................................7:24
7.4.3 Groundwater contamination......................................................................................................................... 7:24
7.4.4 Slope stability...................................................................................................................................................7:24
7.4.5 Dams .................................................................................................................................................................7:24
7.4.6 Tunnels..............................................................................................................................................................7:25
7.4.7 Soil flow............................................................................................................................................................7:25
viii
page
7.5 Urban geology ofBombay .......................................................................................................................................... 7:26
7.6 Urban geology ofHong Kong......................................................................................................................................7:27
7.7 Urban geology ofJakarta ............................................................................................................................................ 7:28
7.8 Urban geology ofKarachi.............................................................................................................................................7:30
7.9 Urban geology of Singapore........................................................................................................................................7:30
7.10 Urban geology ofRabaul ............................................................................................................................................ 7:31
7.11 Urban geology ofShanghai.......................................................................................................................................... 7:33
7.12 Urban geology ofTangshan ........................................................................................................................................7:34
8. ECONOMIC FACTORS AND COST/BENEF1T ANALYSES ........................................................................................8:1
8. 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................................8:1
8.2 Damage claims ..................................................................................................................................................................8:1
8.3 Public costs related to soil quality..................................................................................................................................8:2
8.4 Cost-benefit analysis........................................................................................................................................................ 8:5
9. METHODS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN EARTH SCIENTISTS AND URBAN PLANNERS .............. 9:î
9.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................................9:1
9.2 Publication ofstriking examples....................................................................................................................................9:1
9.3 Organization ofsymposia...............................................................................................................................................9:2
9.4 Participation in commissions ........................................................................................................................................ 9:3
9.5 Earth science promotion for urban planning............................................................................................................... 9:3
9.6 Urban geological mapping procedure...........................................................................................................................9:4
9.7 Discussion...........................................................................................................................................................................9:7
10. INTERIM REPORTS OF COMPARATIVE STUDY AREAS................................................................................... 10:1
Use ofEarth Science in Major Development Initiatives: Review ofEarth Science Data for the Thames Gateway
by P.J. Strange, R. T
Using Geostationary Earth Observation Satellite for Air Pollution Monitoring in Southeast Asia: Practice and Policy Recommendations
No full textThe Building the Pan-Asia Partnership for Geospatial Air Pollution information (PAPGAPi) project is a regional initiative launched in 2021 and implemented through the end of 2024, led in collaboration with United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacifi c (UN ESCAP), Republic of Korea’s Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), and national agencies across the Asia-Pacifi c. The project’s core objective is to strengthen geospatial air-pollution information by expanding access to both space-based and ground-based remote sensing data. Space-based observations come from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) onboard GEO-KOMPSAT-2B (GK-2B), while ground-based observations come from Pandora spectrometers. Together, these datasets support regional-scale analysis of atmospheric composition, including cross-border pollution dynamics, and provide a pathway for validation and operational use.
The discussion emphasizes a dual structure of air quality drivers: persistent anthropogenic emissions in urban/industrial zones and episodic, seasonally intense events (biomass burning, dust) that can dominate national aerosol loading during peak months. Regionally, the coherence of pollution patterns highlights that national air quality cannot be interpreted in isolation; transport, shared meteorology, and cross-border emission sources require coordinated regional monitoring and policy responses. Key limitations include incomplete spatial coverage in some countries, systematic data gaps from instrument-related artifacts, seasonally elevated retrieval uncertainty (especially AOD under clouds/high humidity and over complex surfaces), and the inability of GEMS to observe nighttime conditions due to its passive solar measurement principle—meaning diurnal cycles and nighttime accumulation are not captured.
Recommendations prioritize (1) densifying ground-based networks through not only additional fi xed ground site locations but also overlapped or “super”-sites, and mobile/ad-hoc deployments to improve representativeness and validation (“ground truth”); (2) coordinated co-location and multilateral planning for verifi cation across countries and ground-based instrument types; (3) synergistic multi-satellite use—combining geostationary and low-Earth-orbit sensors (and potentially emerging constellations) through cross-calibration, harmonization, and structured integration to address accuracy, coverage, and diurnal gaps; and (4) institutionalization—embedding monitoring, data sharing, QA practices, and regional collaboration into formal mandates so satellite-based products support routine decision-making, early warning, and transboundary policy. The overall direction is to improve satellite accuracy, reduce information asymmetries, and strengthen evidence for coordinated regional air-quality management.Table of Contents................................................................................................................... 3
Summary..................................................................................................................... 4
I. Introduction............................................................................................................... 5
II. PAPGAPi Project..................................................................................................... 5
Pandora..............................................................................................................................6
Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer....................................................... 7
III. Country Case Study..........................................................................................................7
Cambodia...........................................................................................................................8
Indonesia............................................................................................................................9
Lao PDR........................................................................................................................... 11
Mongolia...........................................................................................................................12
The Philippines.................................................................................................................13
Thailand............................................................................................................................14
Viet Nam...........................................................................................................................16
III. Discussion............................................................................................................ 17
National Perspective........................................................................................................ 18
Regional Perspective....................................................................................................... 18
Limitations........................................................................................................................ 19
IV. Recommendation(s)........................................................................................................19
Densification of Network...................................................................................................20
Interoperative use of satellite sources..............................................................................20
Institutionalization.............................................................................................................21
Annex I: Example coverage of GEMS over PAPGAPi sites..............................................22
Annex II: List of PAPGAPi Sites..........................................................................................23
Annex III: Time Series of PANDORA observation............................................................. 24
Cambodia.........................................................................................................................24
Indonesia..........................................................................................................................24
Mongolia...........................................................................................................................24
The Philippines.................................................................................................................24
Lao PDR...........................................................................................................................25
Thailand............................................................................................................................25
Vietnam............................................................................................................................ 2
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
