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Effects of eccentric exercise induced delayed onset muscle soreness on some endoplasmic reticulum stress parameters in athletes
No full textEndoplazmik retikulum (ER)'da katlanmamış ya da hatalı katlanmış proteinlerin birikmesi ER stres olarak tanımlanmaktadır ve tekrarlı eksentrik egzersizler ile oluşturulan kas hasarının, çalışan iskelet kaslarında ER strese neden olabileceği gösterilmiştir. Kas hasarı ve oluşan gecikmiş kas yorgunluğunun ise sporcu performansını olumsuz etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada genç sporcularda eksentrik egzersiz ile oluşturulan gecikmiş kas yorgunluğunun ER stres parametreleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya düzenli antrenman yapan 18 genç erkek futbolcu katıldı. Katılımcılara izokinetik dinamometre kullanılarak eksentrik kasılmaları içeren bir kas yorgunluğu protokolü uygulandı. Protokolden önce, hemen sonra, 24, 48 ve 72 saat sonra olmak üzere toplam 5 kez alınan kan örneklerinde ER stres belirteçlerinden apelin, interlökin 6 (IL6), pentraksin3 (PTX3) ile kas hasarı belirteçlerinden kreatin kinaz (CK) ve laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) enzim düzeyleri bakıldı. Ayrıca kan alımının ardından katılımcılara aynı sıra ile maksimal kuvvet testi uygulandı ve görsel analog skalası (GAS) kullanılarak yorgunluk algısı düzeyi değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizler için tekrarlanan ölçümlerinin karşılaştırılmasında Friedman F testi, farkın hangi ölçümden kaynaklandığının tespiti için Wilcoxon işaretli sıra testi ile kuvvet verileri için tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analizi, farkın hangi gruptan kaynaklandığını analiz etmek için ise Bonferroni post hoc prosedürü uygulandı. Veriler arasındaki anlamlı ilişkiyi saptamak için Spearman Korelasyon testi uygulandı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık için p ≤ 0.05 değeri kabul edildi. Egzersiz öncesi ve hemen sonrasındaki ölçüm sonuçları arasında IL6, CK, LDH düzeyleri, kuvvet testi ve GAS'da (p<0.05); tekrarlayan ölçümleri arasında PTX3 dışındaki tüm parametrelerde anlamlı farklılık bulundu. 24. saatteki ölçümlerde PTX3, IL6, CK; 48. saatte LDH düzeylerinin en yüksek değerine ulaştığı görüldü. Kas hasarı egzersiz protokolü sonrasında apelin, IL6 ve PTX3 düzeylerinde gözlenen artışlar ER stres oluşumunu; CK, LDH, GAS'taki artışlar ile kuvvet azalması ise GKY oluşumunu destekler görünmektedir.The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is defined as ER stress and it has been shown that muscle damage caused by repeated eccentric exercises have provoked ER stress in the skeletal muscles. Muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) are known to negatively affect athlete performance. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise induced DOMS on ER stress parameters in young athletes. Eighteen young male football players participated in the study voluntarily. A muscle damage protocol with eccentric contractions with an isokinetic dynamometer was used for participants. Apelin, interleukin 6 (IL6), Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and as muscle damage markers creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels were assessed in totally 5 times from blood samples as baseline, immediately after, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the exercise protocol. In addition, maximal strength test and rate of perceived exertion using visual analogue scale (GAS) were applied to participants in the same order after blood collection. The Friedman F test was used to compare repeated measures for statistical analysis, Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine which measure the statistical difference originated from, analysis of variance in repeated measures for force data, and the Bonferroni post hoc procedure was used to analyze which group the difference originated from for only maximal strength data. Spearman correlation test was used to determine the significant relationship. Statistical significance was set at the 0.05 level of confidence. There were significant differences between baseline and first post-test of exercise protocol for IL6, CK, LDH levels and strength test, and GAS; and between repeated measures for all parameters except PTX3 (p<0.05). PTX3, IL6, CK levels reached peak at 24 h after exercise, while LDH level reached it's peak at 48h. Increases in apelin, IL6 and PTX3 levels following muscle damage protocol may have resulted in ER stress formation; increases in CK, LDH, GAS and decrease in strength levels seem to provide existence of DOMS
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
THE EFFECTS OF THE RESISTANCE TRAINING ON SERUM CORTISOL, IL-6, IL-8, AND TNF- alpha
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of resistance training on IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, blood hematocrit and cortisol levels. Materials and Methods: Thirteen players from Manisa Celal Bayar University soccer team and 14 sedentary male students were used as the study subjects. The subjects, whose average age was 18-24 years old, were healthy and free of any cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometrics measurements and blood samples were obtained from all the subjects. Blood samples were obtained basal sample (before the exercise), immediately after the training program (post-exercise), and 2 hours after the training program (2h post-exercise). All subjects participated in the training program in which intensity prescribed individually in 10 different exercises; seated leg press, knee extension, knee flexion, chest press, chest flys, lat pull down, shoulder press, triceps extension, biceps curl and sit-ups. The exercise protocol was 8-10-12 repetitions of each exercise at 70 to 80 % of one-repetition maximum in accordance with the pyramid training system and three sets for each station. The volume of resistance training was 50-60 minutes. Results: Post exercise IL-6 (p=0.05) and IL-8 (p=0.04) concentration of athletes were statistically lower compared to that of sedentary group. Two hours after the exercise, the TNF-alpha values of the sedentary individuals were also statistically higher than those of the trained individuals. Furthermore, serum cortisol concentrations were found to be decreased in both study groups in post exercise and 2h post exercise samples compared to basal values (p<0.05). Post exercise IL-8 (p=0.04) and TNF-alpha (p=0.04) values of sedentary group increased significantly compared to values at 2h post exercise. There was no statistically significant change in IL 6 values of the trained and sedentary subjects immediately after the exercise. Conclusion: IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha responses to resistance training vary depending on the recruitment of different muscle fiber types by the trained individuals during the resistance training and the recovery of glycogen storage, which is found to be different from that of sedentary individuals. The decrease in the serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations at post exercise and 2h post-exercise samples in the training group when compared to the sedantary group revealed us that, training lowers the proinflammatory marker IL-6 and IL-8 which reflects a positive effect of the training on the overall body inflammation status
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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