1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Εξερεύνηση του σχεδιαστικού χώρου των συν-επεξεργαστών κοντά στην κύρια μνήμη για επιτάχυνση κώδικα γενικού σκοπού, σε περιβάλλοντα υψηλών επιδόσεων και χαμηλής κατανάλωσης ισχύος
No full textModern computer architectures face a performance scaling wall as the throughput and power consumption bottleneck has shifted from the core pipeline towards the DRAM latency and data transfer operations. This phenomenon can be partially attributed to the stop of Dennard's scaling and to the continuous shrinking size of transistors. As a result, the power density of the integrated circuits has increased to a point where most of the cores in a multi-core architecture are forced to operate in near-threshold voltage levels. In order to address such an issue, researchers tend to deviate from the standard Von Neuman architectures towards new computing models. In the last decade there is a resurgence of the NDP paradigm, under which the instructions are executed on the DRAM die instead of the core pipeline. Therefore, the amount of CPU-DRAM transactions is significantly decreased and thus, it positively affects the power dissipation and the achievable throughput of the system. Under this premise, in this dissertation we explore the NDP paradigm for high performance and for low-power computing. Regarding the high performance computing, we propose a novel approach that considers general purpose loop execution. Our design employs an instruction scheduling methodology which issues each individual instruction on a custom integrated circuit acting as loop accelerator that is located on the logic layer of an HMC DRAM. There, instructions are iteratively executed in parallel in a software pipelining fashion, while intermediate results are forwarded through an on-chip interconnection network. Regarding the low-power computing, we develop a novel timing analysis methodology that is based on the premises of STA, specifically for low-power, low-end pipelines. The proposed timing methodology considers the excitation of the timing paths for each instruction supported by the ISA, and calculates the worst-case slack for each individual instruction. As a result, we obtain timing information on an instruction level and we proceed in exploiting such knowledge to adaptively scale the clock frequency according to instruction types that execute in the pipeline at any given time. In the sequel, we employ the aforementioned BTWC methodology to co-design a pipeline from the ground up to support a clock scaling mechanism with cycle-to-cycle granularity. We focus on the general purpose code execution and we implement our design on the logic layer of an HMC DRAM in order to enable near-data execution. We opt to evaluate both the high performance and the low power architectures on post-layout simulations in order to strengthen the validity of our designs. Results indicate a significant performance increase in terms of throughput over the baseline processors while the power consumption levels are critically reduced.Οι σύγχρονες αρχιτεκτονικές υπολογιστών είναι αντιμέτωπες με ένα σοβαρό πρόβλημα που αφορά την κλιμάκωση της απόδοσης τους, καθώς η συμφόρηση της πληροφορίας έχει μετατοπιστεί από τον πυρήνα του επεξεργαστή στην μονάδα της κύριας μνήμης και στις λειτουργίες μεταφοράς δεδομένων. Το φαινόμενο αυτό μπορεί μερικώς να αποδοθεί στο τέλος της ισχύος του νόμου του Dennard και στην διαρκή μείωση του μεγέθους των τρανσίστορς. Ως αποτέλεσμα, η πυκνότητα ισχύος των ολοκληρωμένων κυκλωμάτων έχει αυξηθεί τόσο, ώστε η λειτουργία των πολύ-πυρηνικών επεξεργαστών να επιτελείται σε τάσεις που βρίσκονται κοντά στην τάση κατωφλίου. Για να ξεπεράσουν το πρόβλημα αυτό, οι ερευνητές τείνουν να αποκλίνουν από τις κλασικές αρχιτεκτονικές προσεγγίσεις τύπου Von Neuman και να στρέφουν την προσοχή τους σε νέα μοντέλα επεξεργασίας. Την τελευταία δεκαετία έχει παρατηρηθεί μία αναζωπύρωση του ενδιαφέροντος για το παράδειγμα εκτέλεσης εντολών κοντά στην κύρια μνήμη (NDP), κατά το οποίο οι εντολές εκτελούνται στο κύκλωμα της κύριας μνήμης αντί του κεντρικού επεξεργαστή. Έτσι, ο αριθμός των λειτουργιών της μεταφοράς δεδομένων μεταξύ της κύριας μνήμης και του επεξεργαστή μειώνεται σημαντικά, κάτι το οποίο επιδρά θετικά στην κατανάλωση ισχύος και την επιτεύξιμη απόδοση του συστήματος. Κινούμενοι προς αυτήν την υπόθεση, στην διατριβή αυτή εξερευνούμε το NDP παράδειγμα για επεξεργαστές υψηλής απόδοσης αλλά και για επεξεργαστές χαμηλούς ισχύος. Όσον αφορά του επεξεργαστές υψηλής απόδοσης, προτείνουμε μία προσέγγιση στην οποία λαμβάνουμε υπ’ όψη μας την εκτέλεση βρόγχων γενικού σκοπού. H αρχιτεκτονική την οποία προτείνουμε κάνει χρήση μίας μεθοδολογίας χρονοδρομολόγησης εντολών, κατά την οποία η κάθε εντολή του βρόγχου εκδίδεται σε ένα ειδικά προσαρμοσμένο ολοκληρωμένο κύκλωμα που έχει τον ρόλο του επιταχυντή της εκτέλεσης του βρόγχου. Το κύκλωμα αυτό τοποθετείται στο λογικό επίπεδο μίας κύριας μνήμης υβριδικού κύβου (HMC). Στο επίπεδο αυτό οι εντολές εκτελούνται επαναληπτικά και παράλληλα, με έναν τρόπο που θυμίζει αυτόν της επικάλυψης λογισμικού, ενώ τα ενδιάμεσα παραγόμενα αποτελέσματα παροχετεύονται δια μέσου ενός δικτύου διασύνδεσης που βρίσκεται πάνω στο ολοκληρωμένο κύκλωμα. Όσον αφορά τις αρχιτεκτονικές χαμηλής κατανάλωσης ισχύος, αναπτύσσουμε μία καινοτόμο μεθοδολογία ανάλυσης χρονισμού, η οποία βασίζεται στις αρχές του STA και προσανατολίζεται συγκεκριμένα προς συστήματα χαμηλών προδιαγραφών και χαμηλής κατανάλωσης ενέργειας. Η μεθοδολογία αυτή λαμβάνει υπ’ όψη της την διέγερση των διαδρομών χρονισμού της κάθε εντολής που υποστηρίζεται από το σετ εντολών του επεξεργαστή (ISA) και υπολογίζει την καθυστέρηση της χειρότερης περίπτωσης για την κάθε εντολή ξεχωριστά. Ως αποτέλεσμα, αντλούμε πληροφορίες για την χρονική καθυστέρηση σε επίπεδο εντολής και εκμεταλλευόμαστε την πληροφορία αυτή ώστε να κλιμακώνουμε την συχνότητα του ρολογιού δυναμικά, ανάλογα με τον τύπο εντολής που εκτελείται στο κύκλωμα σε κάθε χρονική στιγμή. Στην συνέχεια χρησιμοποιούμε την μεθοδολογία που περιγράψαμε για να συν-σχεδιάσουμε μία αρχιτεκτονική, με γνώμονα την δυναμική μεταβολή της συχνότητας του ρολογιού του επεξεργαστή η οποία εκτείνεται στον βαθμό λεπτομέρειας του κύκλου μηχανής. Επικεντρωνόμαστε ξανά στην εκτέλεση κώδικα γενικού σκοπού και υλοποιούμε συνδυαστικά τη αρχιτεκτονική στο λογικό επίπεδο μίας μνήμης τύπου HMC ώστε να καταστήσουμε ικανό το σύστημα μας για εκτέλεση εντολών δίπλα στην μνήμη τυχαίας προσπέλασης. Επιλέγουμε να αξιολογήσουμε τις αρχιτεκτονικές που υλοποιήσαμε (της υψηλής απόδοσης αλλά και της χαμηλής κατανάλωσης ισχύος) σε επίπεδο υλοποίησης ολοκληρωμένου κυκλώματος σύμφωνα με τα πρότυπα της βιομηχανίας ώστε να ενισχύσουμε την εγκυρότητας της μεθοδολογίας μας. Τα αποτελέσματα τα οποία παίρνουμε υποδεικνύουνε μία μεγάλη αύξηση της απόδοσης του συστήματος όσον αφορά την επιτάχυνση της λειτουργίας του σε σύγκριση με την αρχική αρχιτεκτονική, ενώ η κατανάλωση ισχύος πέφτει σε πολύ χαμηλά επίπεδα
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
