130,387 research outputs found
Stefan Szuman's conception of aesthetic education in the face of cultural liberalism (at sources)
No full textAutor artykułu przedstawia polską, wczesną, Szumanowską koncepcję (z 1925 r.) odnoszącą się do wychowania estetycznego (wychowania przez sztukę). Stefan Szuman (urodzony w 1889 w Toruniu, zmarły w 1972 w Warszawie), byl polskim profesorem pedagogiki i psychologii (psychologii pedagogicznej) w Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim w Krakow (1928-1960), doktorem medycyny (Niemcy, Monachium 1914) i doktorem filozofii (Polska, Poznań 1926). Stworzył oryginalną, aksjologiczną, realistyczną, transcendentalną (transcendentną), duchową, głęboko uwrażliwioną, eksperymentalno-poznawczą koncepcję edukacji przez sztukę. Jego koncepcja była stworzona w Polsce przed koncepcją Herberta Reada w Anglii. Ta Szumanowska teoria jest alternatywna (opcjonalna) wobec kulturowego liberalizmu, który zaprezentował Herbert Read. Całość tej Szumanowskiej koncepcji została opisana (zanalizowana) przez dra Marka M. Tytko w jego dysertacji doktorskiej pt. Stefana Szumana koncepcja wychowania przez sztukę (Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 2006).The author in the article presents early, Polish, Szuman's conception (from 1925 year) regarding to aesthetic (aesthetical) education (education through art). Stefan Szuman (born in 1889 in Torun, died in 1972 in Warsaw), was the Polish professor of pedagogy and psychology in Jagiellonian University in Cracow (1928-1960), doctor of medicine (Germany, München 1914) and the doctor of philosophy (Poland, Poznan 1926). He created original, axiological, realistic, transcendental (transcendent), soulful, deep feeling, experiential-cognitive conception of education through art. His conception was created in Poland before Herbert Read’s conception in England. This Szuman's theory is the alternative (optional) in the face of cultural liberalism, which was presented by Herbert Read. The whole of this Szuman's conception was described (analysed) by Marek M. Tytko, Ph. D. in his doctor's thesis entitled: Stefan Szuman's conception education through art (Jagiellonian University, Cracow 2006)
Oxidation behavior of AlN/CrN multilayered hard coatings
No full textAbstract We report on the oxidation behavior of AlN/CrN multilayers at 900 °C, deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. It is shown that oxidation in this system is controlled by diffusion of Cr towards the surface and formation of Cr2O3. Cr diffusion is found to mainly occur along grain boundaries. Thus, coherent cubic AlN/CrN multilayer regions with coarse columnar grain structures are found to be oxidation resistant, whereas regions decomposed into hexagonal AlN/cubic CrN are prone to oxidation
Synergy of atom-probe structural data and quantum-mechanical calculations in a theory-guided design of extreme-stiffness superlattices containing metastable phases
No full textA theory-guided materials design of nano-scaled superlattices containing metastable phases is critically important for future development of advanced lamellar composites with application-dictated stiffness and hardness. Our study combining theoretical and experimental methods exemplifies the strength of this approach for the case of the elastic properties of AlN/CrN superlattices that were deposited by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering with a bilayer period of 4 nm. Importantly, CrN stabilizes AlN in a metastable B1 (rock salt) cubic phase only in the form of a layer that is very thin, up to a few nanometers. Due to the fact that B1-AlN crystals do not exist as bulk materials, experimental data for this phase are not available. Therefore, quantum-mechanical calculations have been applied to simulate an AlN/CrN superlattice with a similar bilayer period. The ab initio predicted Young's modulus (428GPa) along the [001] direction is in excellent agreement with measured nano-indentation values (408 +/- 32 GPa). Aiming at a future rapid high-throughput materials design of superlattices, we have also tested predictions obtained within linear-elasticity continuum modeling using elastic properties of B1-CrN and B1-AlN phases as input. Using single-crystal elastic constants from ab initio calculations for both phases, we demonstrate the reliability of this approach to design nano-patterned coherent superlattices with unprecedented and potentially superior properties.
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Grain boundary segregation in a bronze-route Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn superconducting wire studied by atom probe tomography
No full textAtom probe tomography was used to characterize the A15 phase in a bronze-route Nb3Sn superconducting wire with a bronze matrix composition of Cu-8Sn-0.3Ti (in at.%). We observed depletion of niobium and segregation of Cu and Ti atoms at Nb3Sn grain boundaries. While the Nb depletion is about 15% relative to the grain interior, the average ratio between Cu and Ti excess values is 9 to 2. Segregation extends to a distance d similar to 9 angstrom from the point of maximum Cu and Ti concentrations. Such local variation in the stoichiometry at the grain boundary region can be an additional source of flux-pinning in the Nb3Sn phase. Other microstructural parameters, such as the grain size and chemical composition of the Nb3Sn layer, were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscop
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
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