50 research outputs found
BIOPHYSICAL CONTROLS OF MARSH SOIL SHEAR STRENGTH ALONG AN ESTUARINE SALINITY GRADIENT
No full text© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gillen, M. N., Messerschmidt, T. C., & Kirwan, M. L. Biophysical controls of marsh soil shear strength along an estuarine salinity gradient. Earth Surface Dynamics, 9(3),(2021): 413-421, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-413-2021.Sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion, and wave erosion threaten coastal marshes, but the influence of salinity on marsh erodibility remains poorly understood. We measured the shear strength of marsh soils along a salinity and biodiversity gradient in the York River estuary in Virginia to assess the direct and indirect impacts of salinity on potential marsh erodibility. We found that soil shear strength was higher in monospecific salt marshes (5–36 kPa) than in biodiverse freshwater marshes (4–8 kPa), likely driven by differences in belowground biomass. However, we also found that shear strength at the marsh edge was controlled by sediment characteristics, rather than vegetation or salinity, suggesting that inherent relationships may be obscured in more dynamic environments. Our results indicate that York River freshwater marsh soils are weaker than salt marsh soils, and suggest that salinization of these freshwater marshes may lead to simultaneous losses in biodiversity and erodibility.This research has been supported by the US National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1654374, 1426981, 1529245, and 1832221)
The relationship between parental alcoholism and the emotional coping of their adult children, 1990
No full textThe overall objective of this study was to examine the relationship between alcoholic parents and the emotional coping of their adult children. To attain this objective, theoretical perspectives were addressed in reference to: (a) alcoholism and the dynamics of the alcoholic family, (b) the family roles and rules, (c) characteristics of children reared in an alcoholic family, (d) the implications of these characteristics, and (e) clinical observations of the characteristics of adult children of alcoholics (ACOA's). A correlational research design was used. A descriptive questionnaire, adapted from Woititz (1983) and found to be reliable and valid in identifying personality characteristics among ACOA's, was administered to thirty-two individuals who were identified as ACOA's. The sample was selected from two adult children of alcoholics support groups in Atlanta, Georgia. The study hypothesized that there is no statistical significant relationship between parental alcoholism and the emotional coping of their adult children. With reference to those (84.7%) who identified their father as alcoholic and their emotional coping in adulthood, the contingency table. 2 analysis showed: x = .01678, d.f = 1, and P .05. The null hypothesis was accepted. This study has ramifications for social work professionals to further ascertain the impact that alcoholism has on the family system. Social work literature is limited, especially related to adult children of alcoholics. This study will therefore present as a resource in enhancing the social work literature
Asymmetric root distributions reveal press–pulse responses in retreating coastal forests
No full textDataset: Soil properties and accretion rates of C3 and C4 marshes at the Global Change Research Wetland, Edgewater, Maryland
No full textThis data release includes soil properties for marsh sediment cores taken in both a C3 (Schoenoplectus americanus) and C4 (Spartina patens) dominated marsh adjacent to the SMARTX warming plots at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. Large push cores were collected from each of the dominant vegetation types and analyzed for bulk density, % organic matter, and accretion rates using 210Pb analysis
Heterogeneity, distribution, and cooperation in common property resource management
No full textThe report considers the role of group heterogeneity in the success or failure of common property resource management. The author argues that cooperative agreements are less likely to come about when agents are highly heterogeneous along relevant dimensions - and existing agreements are more likely to break down as a group becomes more heterogeneous. The author crystallizes his argument in simple numerical examples and illustrates by reference to case studies on common property resource management, in particular, cases involving fisheries and irrigation systems. More work is needed to substantiate the author's argument, but his analysis so far supports the argument that equity and efficiency complement rather than oppose each other.Agricultural Research,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Poverty Assessment,Common Property Resource Development,Environmental Economics&Policies
Managing difference in feminized work: Men, otherness and social practice
No full textThe paper presents a qualitative study of men who do traditionally female dominated and feminized work (specifically nursing and primary school teaching). Men are often seen as not only a minority to women in these contexts, but also their Other. The paper explores the processes of doing gender as a social and discursive practice, highlighting the necessity to manage difference and the processual, emergent, dynamic, partial, and fragmented nature of gendered identities. We show some of the complex ways in which men manage difference and how they transcend Otherness by doing masculinity and appropriating femininity so that masculinity is partially subverted and partly maintained. This analysis not only relies on the doing of gender through the doing of difference but also surfaces the undoing of gender and difference to disrupt gender norms and practices in work organizations
Spontaneous emission control of single quantum dots in bottom-up nanowire waveguides
No full textNanowire waveguides with controlled shape are promising for engineering the collection efficiency of quantum light sources. We investigate the exciton lifetime in individual InAsP quantum dots, perfectly positioned on-axis of InP nanowire waveguides. We demonstrate control over the quantum dot spontaneous emission by varying the nanowire diameter in e-beam patterned arrays, which modifies the coupling efficiency of the emitter to the fundamental waveguide mode. The spontaneous emission rate is inhibited by a factor of 12 in thin nanowires compared to nanowires with optimized waveguide diameter. From the measured inhibition factor, we determine a high radiative yield exceeding 92% in bottom-up grown nanowires.QN/Quantum NanoscienceApplied Science
Sediment Delivery to a Tidal Marsh Platform Is Minimized by Source Decoupling and Flux Convergence
No full textAuthor Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 125(8),(2020): e2020JF005558, doi:10.1029/2020JF005558.Sediment supply is a primary factor in determining marsh response to sea level rise and is typically approximated through high‐resolution measurements of suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) from adjacent tidal channels. However, understanding sediment transport across the marsh itself remains limited by discontinuous measurements of SSC over individual tidal cycles. Here, we use an array of optical turbidity sensors to build a long‐term, continuous record of SSC across a marsh platform and adjacent tidal channel. We find that channel and marsh concentrations are correlated (i.e., coupled) within tidal cycles but are largely decoupled over longer time scales. We also find that net sediment fluxes decline to near zero within 10 m of the marsh edge. Together, these results suggest that large sections of the marsh platform receive minimal sediment independent of flooding frequency or channel sediment supply. Marsh‐centric, as opposed to channel‐centric, measures of sediment supply may better characterize marsh platform vulnerability.This work was funded by NSF Awards 1529245, 1654374, 1426981, 1637630, and 1832221, the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and the USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development program. We thank D. Walters, J. Himmelstein, D. Nicks, R. Walker, T. Messerschmidt, and the Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, especially S. Kelsey for laboratory and field assistance. Additionally, we thank C. Friedrichs, G. Guntenspergen, and O. Duran Vinent for contributing ideas that helped develop the work, and the reviewers who helped improve the manuscript. This work is Contribution Number 3928 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. In memoriam of David Nicks.2021-01-2
Respectable Femininity and Intra-gender Regimes of Regulation: Experiences of Women Elite Leaders
No full textShared identity predicts enhanced health at a mass gathering
No full textThe authors thank the ESRC for funding (RES-062-23-1449).Identifying with a group can impact (positively) upon group members’ health. This can be explained (in part) through the social relations that a shared identity allows. We investigated the relationship between a shared identity and health in a longitudinal study of a month-long pilgrimage in north India. Questionnaire data (N = 416) showed that self-reported health (measured before, during, and after the event) was better at the event than before, and although it reduced on returning home, it remained higher than before the event. This trajectory was predicted by data concerning pilgrims’ perceptions of a shared identity with other pilgrims at the event. We also found evidence that a shared identity amongst pilgrims had an indirect effect on changes in self-assessed health via the belief one had closer relations with one’s fellow pilgrims. We discuss the implications of these data for our understandings of the role of shared identity in social relations and health.Peer reviewe
