1,720,955 research outputs found
Arkipäivän pohjoismainen yhteistyö : Vapaamuotoisuus ja käytännöt suomalaisten virkahenkilöiden työssä
No full textSeveral aspects of Nordic cooperation, such as practices, networks and contacts, have been described as informal. The word “informal” can also be used as an attribute for certain type of Nordic cooperation. However, in previous studies, the informal aspects have mostly been byproducts of research with another focus. Furthermore, informal cooperation is an ambiguous term lacking an established definition. This thesis examines the role of informality in official Nordic cooperation. It maps the everyday practices of Finnish civil servants and analyses how Finnish civil servants perceive and experience informal cooperation in an official context.
The study draws on early theories of Nordic integration, transnational bureaucracy and a contemporary understanding of informality. It builds a conceptual framework for official, formal and informal cooperation, and distinguishes between the context of cooperation and its modalities. The analysis is based on 13 semi-structured elite interviews with Finnish civil servants from Finnish ministries affiliated with official Nordic cooperation. The practices are analysed using qualitative content analysis and descriptive coding. The analysis of perception draws on thematic analysis and uses values coding focusing on attitudes, beliefs and values.
The findings suggest that the role of informality in official Nordic cooperation is instrumental, social, ambiguous and ambivalent. Informality takes place alongside formal cooperation. Formal and official structures build a stage on which civil servants use their agency and engage in informality. Significant factors are networks and personal relationships which the civil servants value. Agency is crucial when it comes to language since language provides access to informality.
Informality in the context of Finnish civil servants in official Nordic cooperation covers informal interactions and communication as well as practices that especially take place in social activities in person. Informality has several roles. Its substantive ambivalence means that informal practices and networks can be useful while also appreciated for their social value. The practical informality would not be possible without a social dimension. Its functional ambivalence means that in their instrumentality, informal practices can be useful for individuals but unsustainable for the system in the long run.Monia pohjoismaisen yhteistyön osa-alueita, kuten käytäntöjä, verkostoja ja kontakteja, on kuvattu vapaamuotoisiksi. Sanaa "vapaamuotoinen" voidaan myös käyttää tietyntyyppisen pohjoismaisen yhteistyön attribuuttina. Aiemmissa tutkimuksissa vapaamuotoiset näkökulmat ovat kuitenkin usein olleet sivutuotteita, ja pääpaino on ollut toisaalla. Lisäksi vapaamuotoinen yhteistyö on monitulkintainen termi, jolta puuttuu vakiintunut määritelmä. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan vapaamuotoisuuden roolia virallisessa pohjoismaisessa yhteistyössä. Siinä kartoitetaan suomalaisten virkahenkilöiden arjen käytäntöjä ja analysoidaan, miten suomalaiset virkahenkilöt käsittävät ja kokevat vapaamuotoisen yhteistyön virallisessa yhteydessä.
Tutkimus pohjautuu varhaisiin teorioihin pohjoismaisesta integraatiosta, rajat ylittävästä byrokratiasta ja nykykäsitykseen vapaamuotoisuudesta. Se muodostaa käsitteellistä kehystä muodolliselle, viralliselle ja vapaamuotoiselle yhteistyölle ja erottaa toisistaan yhteistyön kontekstin ja sen modaliteetit. Analyysi perustuu 13 puolistrukturoituun eliittihaastatteluun, joita varten haastateltiin suomalaisia virkahenkilöitä viralliseen pohjoismaiseen yhteistyöhön kytköksissä olevista suomalaisista ministeriöistä. Käytäntöjä analysoidaan laadullisen sisältöanalyysin ja kuvailevan koodauksen avulla. Analyysi virkahenkilöiden käsityksistä perustuu temaattiseen analyysiin ja hyödyntää arvokoodausta, joka keskittyy asenteisiin, uskomuksiin ja arvoihin.
Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että vapaamuotoisuuden rooli virallisessa pohjoismaisessa yhteistyössä on välineellinen, sosiaalinen, monitulkintainen ja ristiriitainen. Vapaamuotoisuus tapahtuu muodollisen yhteistyön ohessa. Muodolliset ja viralliset rakenteet muodostavat näyttämön, jolla virkahenkilöt hyödyntävät toimijuuttaan ja osallistuvat vapaamuotoisuuteen. Merkittäviä tekijöitä ovat verkostot ja henkilökohtaiset suhteet, joita virkahenkilöt arvostavat. Toimijuudella on ratkaiseva merkitys kielenkäytössä, sillä kieli tarjoaa pääsyn vapaamuotoisuuteen.
Virallisessa pohjoismaisessa yhteistyössä suomalaisten virkahenkilöiden kontekstissa vapaamuotoisuus kattaa vapaamuotoisen vuorovaikutuksen ja viestinnän sekä käytännöt, jotka erityisesti esiintyvät läsnä tapahtuvassa sosiaalisessa toiminnassa. Vapaamuotoisuudella on useita rooleja. Sen aineellinen ambivalenssi tarkoittaa, että vapaamuotoiset käytännöt ja verkostot voivat yhtäältä olla hyödyllisiä ja toisaalta arvostettuja niiden sosiaalisen merkityksen vuoksi. Käytännön vapaamuotoisuus ei olisi mahdollista ilman sosiaalista ulottuvuutta. Sen toiminnallinen ambivalenssi tarkoittaa, että välineellisyydessään vapaamuotoiset käytännöt voivat olla hyödyllisiä yksilöille, mutta kestämättömiä järjestelmälle pitkällä aikavälillä
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
