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Palvelujen organisointi valmistavassa teollisuudessa
No full textManufacturing firms in developed markets are increasingly striving towards greater service provision. Research has been providing valuable insights considering motivation and benefits of this transformation as well as offered some suggestions of likely challenges that this change causes. The academic and practical understanding of the subject has grown tremendously in the past years, however there are still significant gaps in the current knowledge regarding how this transformation takes place and what the organisational requirements are for this type of transformation.
This thesis explores this transformation process and its consequences. The aim is to clarify the journey from product centric business to total solutions in manufacturing context. The study takes into account the transformative process, as well as structural requirements for this change.
The study was conducted using a multi-method approach, combining grounded theory methodology with case study designs. Three separate case studies were performed in order to investigate how the transformation process takes place and what implications it has on the organisational structure. Further, a conceptual evaluation of the factors posed by the operational environment is presented.
The thesis contributes to the current theoretical and practical understanding in three ways. First, it offers an in-depth understanding of different paths that organisations can follow when aiming to enter the service business. Three possible routes are identified: traditional, reversed, and partial. A second set of findings reveals in detail how the organisational structure needs to be adjusted so that it meets the requirements of service operations. In this investigation, analyses of the internal structure and of the delivery processes have been taken into account when evaluating the functionality of different organisational solutions. Finally, this thesis sets ground to assess critically the factors coming from organisational environments that might inhibit or exhibit service transformation in manufacturing.Kehittyneiden markkina-alueiden teollisuusyritykset ovat viime vuosina kasvattaneet palvelujen osuutta tarjoamissaan. Ilmiön ympärille on muodostunut laajoja tutkimuskokonaisuuksia ja löydösten avulla on pystytty osoittamaan palvelujen vaikuttavan positiivisesti yrityksen kannattavuuteen ja asemaan markkinoilla. Osoitettujen hyötyjen seurauksena yritysten halu muuttua tuotekeskeisistä organisaatioista kohti palvelukeskeisyyttä on kasvanut, mutta nykytietämys ei tarjoa tarvittavia työkaluja ja malleja muutoksen toteuttamiseksi.
Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan teollisuusyritysten muutosta kohti palveluja, sekä tämän muutoksen vaikutuksia organisaation rakenteeseen. Tarkoituksena on havainnollistaa ja kuvata yritysten muutosprosessia tuotekeskeisistä organisaatioista kohti ratkaisukeskeistä toimintatapaa. Väitöskirjassa esitetään erilaisia konkreettisia muutosprosesseja, sekä tähän liitettäviä organisatorisia ratkaisuja.
Tutkimus on toteutettu useita laadullisen tutkimuksen menetelmiä hyväksikäyttäen. Analyysitapa on aineistolähtöinen ja teoriaa rakentava. Kokonaisuus on koottu kolmen case-tutkimuksen ympärille. Tämän lisäksi työssä havainnollistetaan ilmiön erityispiirteitä käsitteellisen, teoriaan pohjautuvan analyysin kautta.
Tutkimus ottaa kantaa teollisuusyrityksissä tapahtuvaan muutokseen kolmen erillisen osa-alueen valossa. Ensimmäinen ryhmä tuloksia lisää teoreettista ja käytännön ymmärrystä erilaisista poluista joita yritys voi muutoksessaan seurata. Tulokset osoittavat kolme erilaista tapaa muuttua, nk. perinteisen eli asteittaisen siirtymisen, käänteisen siirtymän, sekä osittaisen muutoksen. Toisessa tulosryhmässä havainnollistetaan miten organisaation rakennetta tulee sopeuttaa palveluliiketoiminnan erityispiirteitä tukevaksi. Erilaisten organisaatioratkaisujen soveltuvuutta on arvioitu niin sisäisten rakenteiden kuin toimitusprosessienkin kautta. Työn teoreettinen analyysi osoittaa operatiivisesta ympäristöstä nousevia tekijöitä jotka voivat edesauttaa tai rajoittaa muutosta
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Lentokentän kapasiteetin mallintaminen - Case Helsinki-Vantaan lentokenttä
Get PDFThis study focuses on the modeling of airport processes at Helsinki Airport in the perspective of capacity and utilization. Objective of the research is to create a model of the airport as a system of processes and model the capacities of selected individual processes. The possibility of emerging bottleneck in the selected processes is assessed. Conceptual modeling is used to depict the complete airport in operational point of view. In the modeling of runway capacity a method based on statistical method of quantile regression is used. In the deicing capacity modeling a gamma regression model of the generalized linear models is used. In the baggage processing capacity general statistical analysis is used.
A process diagram model is created of the main processes as a system at Helsinki Airport. The model includes the main flows of objects at an airport (aircraft, baggage and passengers) from processes or states to other processes and states. The diagram helps to clarify on a high level how the relationships of how capacities of the consecutive process are interlinked.
The capacity of the runway process is modeled and the effects of the used runway configuration, snowfall, wind speed and visual conditions are assessed in terms of the runway capacity at Helsinki Airport. The runway capacity seems to be sufficient in most of the cases except when some weather factors are affecting it. The runway capacity seems to be a bottleneck for the operation in heavy snowfall conditions.
The deicing treatment capacity is studied by creating a model explaining and forecasting the deicing treatment time. On the basis of the deicing time model an equation for calculating expected deicing capacity as a function of the modeled parameters is formulated. The model for deicing capacity would suggest that in most cases 10 trucks would suffice the current demand and avoid the deicing treatment of becoming a bottleneck.
The baggage process at Helsinki Airport was studied and two points in the process were identified as constraining for the whole process. One of them, the transfer baggage loading lines, is studied more deeply by studying the distribution of the load on the capacity. The analysis of the baggage capacity would suggest that around an increase of 600 baggage/hour could be possible before its capacity reaches its limits at Helsinki Airport and starts to be a bottleneck for the operation.Tämä diplomityö keskittyy lentokentän prosessien mallintamiseen Helsinki-Vantaan lentokentällä kapasiteetin ja käyttöasteiden näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on lentokentän mallintaminen sen pääprosessien muodostamana systeeminä sekä valittujen prosessien kapasiteettien mallintaminen. Pullonkaulojen Konseptuaalista mallintamista käytetään kuvaamaan koko lentokenttää operatiivisesta näkökulmasta. Kiitoratojen kapasiteetin mallintamiseen käytetään tilstollista menetelmää, joka perustuu kvantiiliregressioon. Deicing-käsittelyn kapasiteetin mallintamisessa käytetään tilastollisten yleistettyjen lineaaristen mallien joukkoon kuuluvaa gamma regressiota. Matkatavaroiden prosessoinnin kapasiteettia mallinnetaan yleisellä tilastollisella analysoinnilla.
Helsinki-Vantaan lentoasemasta luotu prosessikaaviomalli kuvaa lentokenttää pääprosessien muodostamana systeeminä. Malli kuvaa ensisijaisten objektien virtaukset (lentokoneet, matkatavarat ja matkustajat) lentokenttäjärjestelmän sisällä paikasta ja tilasta toiseen. Kaaviomalli auttaa selvittämään miten perättäisten prosessien kapasiteetit ovat linkittyneet toisiinsa.
Kiitorataprosessin kapasitetti mallinnetaan ja käytössäolevan kiitoratakonfiguraation, sataneen lumen, keskimääräisen tuulennopeuden ja näkyvyyden vaikutukset kapasiteettin arvioitiin mallinnuksen avulla. Kiitoratojenkapasiteetti näyttää olevan lähes riittävä suurimmassa osassa tapauksia lukuunottamatta tilanteita joissa tietyt sääolosuhteet vaikuttavat kapasiteettia alentavasti.
Deicing-käsittelyn kapasiteettia tutkitaan muodostamalla malli deicing-käsittelyn kestolle. Deicicing-käsittelyn keston mallin avulla työssä luodaan kaava odotettavissa olevan kapasiteetin laskemiselle parametrien arvojen suhteen. Deicing-käsittelyn kapasiteetti viittaisi siihen, että lähes aina 10 samanaikaista deicing-käsittelyrekkaa riittää täyttämään lentokentän nykyisen lähtevien lentojen deicing-käsittelytarpeen, ennen kuin prosessista muodostuu pullonkaula.
Matkatavarankäsittelyprosessia kapasiteettia tutkitaan ja kaksi kohtaa prosessissa tunnistetaan mahdollisiksi pullonkauloiksi. Toista niistä, siirtomatkatavaroiden lastauslinjoja, selvitetään tarkemmin tutkimalla kapasiteetin kuormaa kyseisessä kohdassa. Analyysi viittaisi siihen, että tässä kohdassa keskimääri n. 600 laukkua/tunti lisäys olisi mahdollinen, ennenkuin kapasiteetti saavuttaa ylärajansa matkatavaroiden käsittelyssä ja muodostaa pullonkaulan operaatioille
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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