1,721,005 research outputs found
Enhancing transparency and validity in psychosocial intervention research for migrant populations - authors' reply
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Psychosocial interventions for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in refugees and asylum seekers
No full textNegli ultimi anni si è registrato un progressivo aumento del numero dei rifugiati e dei richiedenti asilo arrivati in fuga dai loro Paesi di origine, con implicazioni significative sul piano sociale, economico, umanitario e sanitario. Sebbene ci sia una notevole variabilità nei tassi di prevalenza delle patologie psichiatriche, i dati della letteratura confermano che il PTSD è molto frequente nella popolazione dei rifugiati e richiedenti asilo rispetto alle popolazioni dei Paesi ospitanti. Per quanto riguarda l’efficacia degli interventi psicosociali nel trattamento del PTSD in questa popolazione, le ultime evidenze della letteratura suggeriscono che gli interventi cognitivo-comportamentali e la terapia di esposizione narrativa sono supportati da prove di efficacia e che, in generale, esistono interventi psicosociali efficaci nel diminuire i sintomi di PTSD rispetto ai gruppi di controllo. La possibilità di identificare e trattare precocemente i sintomi psichiatrici in questa popolazione particolarmente vulnerabile ha un impatto importante non solo in termini di Salute Mentale, ma soprattutto, incidendo sulla possibile integrazione del rifugiato e sul suo migliore adattamento all’interno del Paese ospitante, ha implicazioni rilevanti per la organizzazione dei Servizi Sanitari, inclusi quelli di Salute Mentale.In recent years there has been a progressive rise in the number of asylum seekers and refugees displaced from their country of origin, with significant social, economic, humanitarian and public health implications. In comparison with the general population, refugees and asylum seekers have been shown to experience higher prevalence rates of a range of disorders, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Although there is substantial variability in prevalence rates, PTSD is frequent and much more likely in refugees and asylum seekers compared to host populations. In terms of psychosocial interventions, cognitive behavioral interventions and narrative exposure therapy are supported by some evidence of efficacy that would suggest the possibility of decreasing PTSD symptoms in this vulnerable group. Overall, psychosocial interventions for asylum seekers and refugees with PTSD were found to provide significant benefits in reducing PTSD symptoms. These data provide an evidence base to inform decisions in clinical practice and policy making, considering that an appropriate treatment is a right of refugees and a way to better adaptation and integration in host country
How does context influence the delivery of mental health interventions for asylum seekers and refugees in low- and middle-income countries? A qualitative systematic review
Full text linkBackground: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) host the majority of the world's refugees. Evidence suggests that refugees and asylum seekers have high mental health needs compared to the host country population. However, they face many social, economic and culture barriers to receiving mental health care and benefitting from mental health interventions. This paper examines how these contextual factors affect the implementation of mental health interventions for refugees and asylum seekers in LMICs. Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic review searching 11 databases and 24 relevant government and non-governmental organisation (NGO) websites. We spoke with academic experts and NGO professionals for recommendations, and conducted forwards and backwards citation tracking. Results: From 2055 records in abstract and title screening, and then 99 in full-text screening, 18 eligible studies were identified. Qualitative thematic synthesis was conducted on eligible papers. Three main thematic clusters were identified around: (1) support during a time of pressure and insecurity, and the need for intervention flexibility through facilitator and participant autonomy; (2) different cultural conceptions of mental health, and how interventions negotiated these differences; and (3) the importance of facilitator skills, knowledge, characteristics and relationships to intervention implementation. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that intervention coordinators and developers should continue to: (1) think broadly about the range of social influences on mental health, addressing structural issues where possible; (2) offer flexibility with intervention style, content and timings; and (3) encourage building research capacity in LMICs while acknowledging pre-existing mental health knowledge and practice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Psychological distress and well-being in university and high school students: a cross-sectional study in Italy
Full text linkObjective: Adolescence is a transitional period marked by psychosocial changes that can impact well-being. Mental disorders before university are linked to dropout and lower employment rates, affecting long-term outcomes. This study examines the psychological well-being of Italian students aged 18-25, exploring factors related to distress. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: High schools and university in Verona, northern Italy. Participants: A total of 1766 students (88.96% university students and 11.04% high school students in their final year) were recruited. Inclusion criteria were being enrolled in high school or university in Verona, aged 18-25, with adequate Italian language proficiency and informed consent. No exclusion criteria were applied. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Primary outcomes were levels of psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10-item - Kessler-10), anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale - PHQ-ADS) and well-being (WHO-Five Well-Being Index - WHO-5). Secondary analyses examined the association of these outcomes with sociodemographic and educational variables. Results: Most participants (88.6%) reported psychological distress (mean K-10=22.95, SD=6.64). Mild symptoms of anxiety and depression were reported by 47.1% and 43.3% of participants, respectively. Only 16.5% reported high psychological well-being. Female and non-binary students had worse mental health outcomes than males (p value <0.001). Students in their first 3 years of university exhibited better mental health compared with those in later years or high school (p value <0.001). Students living in owned properties had lower levels of anxiety and depression (p value=0.004). Conclusions: Psychological distress, anxiety and depression are widespread among Italian students. Gender, academic stage and living situation significantly impact mental health outcomes. The findings emphasise the need for targeted mental health interventions, particularly for non-binary and female students, as well as those in advanced academic years
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Maintenance treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics for people with nonaffective psychoses: a network meta-analysis
No full textObjective: This study compared relapse prevention and acceptability of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in the maintenance treatment of adults with nonaffective psychoses. Methods: The authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and online registers for randomized controlled trials published until June 2020. Relative risks and standardized mean differences were pooled using random-effects pairwise and network meta-analysis. The primary outcomes were relapse rate and all-cause discontinuation ("acceptability"). The quality of included studies was rated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the certainty of pooled estimates was measured with GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). Results: Of 86 eligible trials, 78 (N=11,505) were included in the meta-analysis. Regarding relapse prevention, most of the 12 LAIs included outperformed placebo. The largest point estimates and best rankings of LAIs compared with placebo were found for paliperidone (3-month formulation) and aripiprazole. Moderate to high GRADE certainty for superior relapse prevention compared with placebo was also found for (in descending ranking order) risperidone, pipothiazine, olanzapine, and paliperidone (1-month formulation). In head-to-head comparisons of LAIs, only haloperidol was inferior to aripiprazole, fluphenazine, and paliperidone. For acceptability, most LAIs outperformed placebo, with moderate to high GRADE certainty for (in descending ranking order) zuclopenthixol, aripiprazole, paliperidone (3-month formulation), olanzapine, flupenthixol, fluphenazine, and paliperidone (1-month formulation). In head-to-head comparisons, only LAI aripiprazole had superior acceptability to other LAIs (bromperidol, fluphenazine, paliperidone [1-month formulation], pipothiazine, and risperidone). Conclusions: LAI formulations of paliperidone (3-month formulation), aripiprazole, olanzapine, and paliperidone (1-month formulation) showed the highest effect sizes and certainty of evidence for both relapse prevention and acceptability. Results from this network meta-analysis should inform frontline clinicians and guidelines
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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