1,720,993 research outputs found
A non-linear optimization programming model for air quality planning including co-benefits for GHG emissions
No full textThis paper introduces the MAQ (Multi-dimensional Air Quality) model aimed at defining cost-effective air quality plans at different scales (urban to national) and assessing the co-benefits for GHG emissions. The model implements and solves a non-linear multi-objective, multi-pollutant decision problem where the decision variables are the application levels of emission abatement measures allowing the reduction of energy consumption, end-of pipe technologies and fuel switch options. The objectives of the decision problem are the minimization of tropospheric secondary pollution exposure and of internal costs. The model assesses CO2 equivalent emissions in order to support decision makers in the selection of win-win policies. The methodology is tested on Lombardy region, a heavily polluted area in northern Italy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Formalization and solution of an optimal control problem for air quality planning
No full text© IFAC.In order to define efficient air quality plans, Regional Authorities need suitable tools to evaluate both the impact of emission reduction strategies on pollution indexes and the costs of such emission reductions. Due to difficulty to cope with the complexity of environmental models, decision support systems are essential tools to help Environmental Authorities to plan air quality policies that fulfill EU Directive 2008/50 requirements in a cost-efficient way. Thus, the main concern is to search for policies capable of taking into account both the environmental and the economical problems. This work presents a new formalization and the first results of an optimal control problem, addressing the selection of efficient control policies over a certain time horizon to reduce air quality pollution. Dynamic programming offers a powerful tool that allows an iterative formalization of the environmental problem as a constrained optimal control problem. An objective function has to be minimized along a given finite time horizon. A set of dynamic varying constraints on the applicability thresholds of emission reduction technologies (control variables) is considered. When minimizing the objective function, the nondecreasing property of each technology application level and the maximum feasible reduction levels have been constrained. This approach has been tested over the Lombardia region in northern Italy
Scenario analysis and optimization approach in air quality planning: A case study in northern Italy
No full textThe selection of efficient air quality control strategies: A dynamic programming approach
No full textApplying the delta tool to support the Air Quality Directive: evaluation of the TCAM chemical transport model
No full textThis paper presents an application of the DELTA evaluation tool V3.2 to support the EU Air Quality Directive (AQD 2008). This software, designed in the frame of the FAIRMODE project (Forum for Air Quality Modelling in Europe, http://fairmode.ew.eea.europa.eu/), is currently used as support to working groups of modelers across Europe in the diagnostics and assessment of air quality model performances under the AQD (2008). The skills of the DELTA tool V3.2 are tested by looking at the results of a 1-year (2005) simulation performed using the transport chemical aerosol model (Carnevale et al. 2008) at 6x6-km(2) resolution over the Po Valley. The modeled daily PM10 concentrations at surface level are compared to observations provided by approximately 50 stations distributed across the domain. The main statistical parameters (i.e., bias, root mean square error, correlation coefficient, standard deviation) as well as different types of diagrams (scatter plots, time series plots, Taylor and target plots) have been produced. A representation of the observation uncertainty in the target plot, used to derive model performance criteria for the main statistical indicators, is also presented and discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Integrated assessment modelling to plan local optimal air quality policies harmonized with national and european actions
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