1,355,141 research outputs found
In vivo effects of 1,4-dioxane on genotoxic parameters and behavioral alterations in Drosophila melanogaster
No full text1,4-Dioxane (DXN) is used as solvent in different consumer products including cosmetics, paints, surfactants, and waxes. In addition, DXN is released as an unwanted contaminating by-product as a result of some reactions including ethoxylation of alcohols, which occurs with in personal care products. Consequently, DXN pollution was detected in drinking water and is considered as an environmental problem. At present, the genotoxicity effects attributed to DXN are controversial. The present study using an in vivo model organism Drosophila melanogaster aimed to determine the toxic/genotoxic, mutagenic/recombinogenic, oxidative damage as evidenced by ROS production, phenotypic alterations as well as behavioral and developmental alterations that are closely related to neuronal functions. Data demonstrated that nontoxic DXN concentration (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, or 1%) induced mutagenic (1%) and recombinogenic (0.1, 0.25, or 0.5%) effects in wing spot test and genotoxicity in hemocytes using comet assay. The nontoxic concentrations of DXN (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, or 1%) significantly increased oxidative stress, climbing behavior, thermal sensivity and abnormal phenotypic alterations. Our findings show that in contrast to in vitro exposure, DXN using an in vivo model Drosophila melanogaster this compound exerts toxic and genotoxic effects. Data suggest that additional studies using other in vivo models are thus warranted.There is no sponsors associated with the work featured in this article.No sponso
Investigation of Potential Toxic, Genotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate Using Drosophila melanogaster
No full textTrimetilolpropan triakrilat (TMPTA), mürekkepler, plastikler, ahşap ve metal kaplamalar gibi farklı malzeme ve formüllerde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir kimyasaldır. Birçok alanda yaygın olarak kullanılmasına rağmen bu maddenin genotoksik potansiyeli çeşitli in vivo ve in vitro yaklaşımlarla net olarak ortaya konmamıştır. TMPTA'nın olası riskleri hakkında literatürdeki in vitro ve in vivo verilerin çelişkili olması nedeniyle, bu kimyasal toksisite ve
genotoksisite analizleri için kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, in vivo bir model olan Drosophila melanogaster ile TMPTA'nın potansiyel toksik ve genotoksik etkilerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Drosophila Comet, kanat somatik mutasyon ve rekombinasyon (SMART) testleri uygulanmış ve fenotipik değişiklik belirlenmiştir. SMART yönteminde kromozom kırılması, nokta mutasyonu ve mitotik rekombinasyon tek tip klonlara neden olurken; mitotik rekombinasyon ise ikiz klonların oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Drosophila hemosit hücrelerinde DNA hasarını tespit etmek için Comet testi uygulanmıştır. Deneme konsantrasyonu olarak 10 mM konsantrasyon canlılık açısından toksik etki gösterdiğinden, Drosophila'da genotoksisite ve mutajenite çalışmaları için 10 mM'nin altındaki konsantrasyonlarda testler yapılmıştır. Özellikle test edilen tüm toksik olmayan konsantrasyonlarda (0.5, 1, 2.5 ve 5 mM) TMPTA, Drosophila SMART testinde mutajenik etkiler ve Comet testinde genotoksik etkiler göstermiştir. Ancak, TMPTA'nın toksik olmayan konsantrasyonlarında kanatlar, göğüs kılı ve gözler açısından fenotipik değişiklikler tespit edilmemiştir. Bu çalışma, TMPTA'nın Drosophila’daki toksik ve genotoksik etkilerinin değerlendirildiği literatürdeki ilk çalışmadır.Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) is a chemical which is commonly used in different materials and formulas such as inks, plastics, wood and metal coatings. Although it is widely used in many fields, the genotoxic potential of this substance has not been clearly demonstrated. Because of the conflictive in vitro and in vivo data in the literature about possible risks of TMPTA, this chemical remains to be used for toxicity and genotoxicity analyses. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal the potential toxic and genotoxic effects of TMPTA in Drosophila melanogaster as an in vivo model. In accordance with this aim, Drosophila Comet, wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) were performed and phenotypic alterations were determined. In SMART method, chromosome breakage, point mutation and mitotic recombination cause single spots while mitotic recombination causes twin spots. Comet assay applied to detect DNA damage in Drosophila hemocyte cells. Since the trial concentration of 10 mM showed toxic effect in terms of viability, tests were carried out at concentrations below 10 mM. All the tested non-toxic concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mM) of TMPTA showed mutagenic effects in the Drosophila Comet Assay, and genotoxic effects were observed by SMART Assay. However, phenotipic alterations were not detected in non-toxic concentrations of TMPTA in terms of wings, thorax bristle, and eyes. This is the first study in the literature to evaluate the toxic and genotoxic effects of TMPTA in Drosophila.No sponso
Protective effects of resveratrol against genotoxicity induced by nano and bulk hydroxyapatite in Drosophila melanogaster
No full textThere is no sponsors associated with the work featured in this article.Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a naturally occurring calcium phosphate mineral predominantly used for its biocompatibility in a number of areas such as bone grafting, prosthesis coating in dentistry, and targeted drug delivery. Since the nano form of HAp (nHAp) has gained popularity attributed to a re-mineralizing effect in dental repair procedures, concerns have been raised over safety and biocompatibility of these nanoparticles (NP). This study, therefore, aimed to (1) investigate mechanisms of potential genotoxicity and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiated by bulk and nano forms of HAp and (2) test in vivo whether resveratrol, a type of natural phenol, might mitigate the extent of potential DNA damage. The size of nHAp was determined to be 192.13 ± 9.91 nm after dispersion using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Drosophila melanogaster was employed as a model organism to determine the genotoxic potential and adverse effects of HAp by use of (comet assay), mutagenic and recombinogenic activity (wing spot test), and ROS-mediated damage. Drosophila wing-spot tests demonstrated that exposure to nontoxic bulk and nHAp concentrations (1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mM) produced no significant recombination effects or mutagenicity. However, bulk and nHAp at certain doses (2.5, 5 or 10 mM) induced genotoxicity in hemocytes and enhanced ROS production. Resveratrol was found to ameliorate the genotoxic effects induced by bulk HAp and nHAp in comet assay. Data demonstrate that treatment with nano and bulk Hap-induced DNA damage and increased ROS generation D. melanogaster which was alleviated by treatment with resveratrolNo sponso
Potential genotoxic and biological effects of 1,4 dioxane on different model organisms
No full textA suspected human carcinogen, the compound 1,4-dioxane (DXN) has been commonly employed as a solvent in the production of various cleaning applications, cosmetics, dyes, varnishes, waxes, and detergents. Leaked from wastewater treatment plants into surface waters, DXN may contaminate drinking water. Research into toxicity/genotoxicity of various compounds has been recognizing merits of Drosophila melanogaster on account of its short life span and genetic tractability. Therefore, this mini review attempts to revisit our current understanding of toxic and genotoxic impacts of DXN exposure and potential underlying mechanisms based on the latest in vivo studies in the field. We also aim to encourage future research to use Drosophila as a model organism to assess biological impacts of DXN and other chemicals at various levels including cellular (genotoxicity and reactive oxygen species detection in hemocytes), chromosomal (the wing spot test), behavioral (locomotor and thermal sensitivity), and developmental (abnormal anatomical endpoints).No sponso
Drosophila melanogaster as a dynamic in vivo model organism reveals the hidden effects of interactions between microplastic/nanoplastic and heavy metals
No full textPlastic waste in different environments has been constantly transforming into microplastic/nanoplastic (MNPLs). As they may coexist with other contaminants, they may behave as vectors that transport various toxic trace elements, including metals.
Because the impact of exposure to such matter on health still remains elusive, the abundant presence of MNPLs has lately become a pressing environmental issue. Researchers have been utilizing Drosophila melanogaster as a dynamic in vivo model
in genetic research for some time. The fly has also recently gained wider recognition in toxicology and nanogenotoxicity studies. The use of nanoparticles in numerous medical and consumer products raises serious concern, since many in vitro studies
have shown their toxic potential. However, there is rather limited in vivo research into nanomaterial genotoxicity using mice or other mammalians owing to high costs and ethical concerns. In this context, Drosophila, thanks to its genetic tractability,
short life span, with its entire life cycle lasting about 10 days, and distinct developmental stages, renders this organism an excellent model in testing toxic effects mediated by MNPLs. This review therefore aims to encourage research entities to employ
Drosophila as a model in their nanogenotoxicity experiments focusing on impact of MNPLs at the molecular level.No sponso
Âşıklığa Geçiş Sürecinde Rüya ve Bâde Motifi: Diyarbakırlı Âşık Mah Turna
No full textIn Südostanatolien gibt es seit jeher zahlreiche alevitische Ocaks. Auch in Diyarbakır, das in dieser Region liegt, lassen sich diverse Ocaks ausfindig machen. Jahrelang hielten die Ocaks hier ihre Rituale ab. Die Ocaks von Diyarbakır, in denen bis in die jüngste Vergangenheit lebhafte Cem-Rituale stattfanden, waren für viele Talips ein Grund, zu bestimmten Zeiten nach Diyarbakır zu kommen oder sich gar dort niederzulassen. Heute ist das Gegenteil der Fall. Die alevitische Gemeinde in Diyarbakır ist stark geschrumpft und nicht mehr in der Lage, Cem-Rituale abzuhalten. Diyarbakır verfügt über eine reiche alevitische Kultur und hat viele Volksdichter (Zakire und Ashiks) hervorgebracht. Anhand der Gedichte von Mah Turna, einer alevitischen Volksdichterin aus Diyarbakır, wird in dieser Studie die Stellung und Bedeutung von Mah Turna in der Volksdichter-Tradition untersucht. Die Tatsache, dass es sich bei Mah Turna um eine Frau handelt, bildet die Grundlage für unsere Studie. Da weibliche Volksdichterinnen bis in die jüngere Vergangenheit kaum untersucht wurden, hoffen wir, dass diese Studie einen kleinen Beitrag zu diesem Thema leisten kann. In den letzten Jahren ist die Zahl der Studien über Volksdichterinnen gestiegen. In der Vergangenheit wurden Künstlerinnen bei der Zusammenstellung von Kompilationen meist ignoriert. Nur wenn der eigentliche Urheber nicht ausfindig gemacht werden konnte, griff man auf weibliche Interpretinnen zurück. Mittlerweile wurden mehrere Forschungsarbeiten vorgelegt, die zeigen, dass es zahlreiche weibliche Volksdichterinnen gibt. Um einen weiteren Beitrag zu solchen Studien zu leisten, hielten wir es für angebracht, uns in der vorliegenden Arbeit mit einer Volksdichterin zu befassen. Mah Turna ist eine wichtige Schöpferin und Trägerin der alevitischen Volksdichtungstradition. Mah Turna wurde zur Ashik, indem sie im Traum Bâde aus der Hand des Propheten Muhammad trank. Deshalb zählt sie in der Tradition der alevitischen Volksdichtung zur Gruppe der Bâdeli Aşık. Aufgewachsen in der alevitischen Tradition hat Mah Turna an Cem-Gottesdiensten und Muharram-Trauerriten teilgenommen und ist eine lebende Zeugin und Schöpferin ihrer Tradition. Der Glaube der alevitischen Gemeinschaft, der sie angehört, prägen Mah Turnas Identität als Volksdichterin. Die negativen Erfahrungen anderer weiblicher Volksdichterinnen hat auch Mah Turna, wenn auch nur teilweise, machen müssen. Diverse Schwierigkeiten überwindend setzt sie jedoch die Tradition der Volksdichter fort. Von Âşık Niyazi lernte sie, wie man Gedichte mit Versmaß schreibt, von Zakir Bektaş Atabay, wie man die Divan-Saz spielt, und von Zakir Hanifi Atabay, wie man die Langhalslaute Çöğür spielt. Mah Turna ist eine bâdeli Ashik, die eine Meister-Lehrlings-Ausbildung durchlaufen hat. Die Informationen über das Leben und die Gedichte von Mah Turna sind dem Werk Diyarbakırlı Bir Halk Şairi Âşık Mah Turna [“Âşık Mah Turna: Eine Volksdichterin aus Diyarbakır”] von Bülent Akın entnommen.The Southeastern Anatolia Region has been an area where many Alevi ocaks have existed from past to present days. Many ocaks have been found in Diyarbakir, which is located in this region. Diyarbakir is the place where ocaks have been actively preforming their rituals for many years. The Diyarbakir ocaks, where cem rituals were actively performed until recently, caused many talips (followers) to come here at certain times and even some to settle here. Today, the case is different. The Alevi community in Diyarbakir has diminished considerably and it has become impossible to preform cem rituals. Many zakirs and ashiks were raised in Diyarbakir, which has a rich Alevi culture. With reference to the poems of Mah Turna, an Alevi ashik from Diyarbakir, our paper analyses her place and importance in the ashik tradition. The base of our paper is the fact that Mah Turna is a female ashik. Considering that until recently female ashiks have not been researched much, we hope that this paper will contribute, even a little, to the field. In recent years, it is seen that more studies on female ashiks have been carried out. In the past, female ashiks were mostly ignored during collecting information from sources. Female performers were consulted only when no other source was found. Today’s studies have shown that there is a lot of female ashiks. Accordingly, we found it useful to discuss and analyse a female ashik as a support to such studies.Mah Turna is an important performer and carrier of the Alevi ashik tradition. Mah Turna, who reached the rank of ashik by drinking bade from the hand of the Prophet Muhammad in her dream, is in the group of badeli ashiks in the ashik tradition. Mah Turna, who grew up in the Alevi tradition and participated in the cems and Yas-i Muharem rituals, is the living witness and performer of the tradition. The beliefs of the Alevi community, which member she is, left their mark on Mah Turna’s identity as an ashik. All the negative experience that female ashiks had, Mah Turna, albeit partially, also had it. But she continued the ashik tradition by bearing the brunt of many difficulties. She learned to create poetry with syllabic verse from ashik Niyazi, to play the divan saz from zakir Bektash Akbay, and the choghur from zakir Hanifi Atabay. Mah Turna is a badeli ashik who was instructed in the master-apprentice learning model. The information about MahTurna’s life and poems are taken from Bulent Akin’s work titled Diyarbakırlı Bir Halk Şairi Âşık Mah Turna (Ashik Mah Turna a Folk Poet from Diyarbakir).Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi, geçmişten günümüze çok sayıda Alevi ocağının mevcut olduğu bir coğrafya olmuştur. Bu bölgede yer alan Diyarbakır’da birçok ocak tespit edilmiştir. Diyarbakır, uzun yıllar ocakların canlı bir şekilde ritüellerini icra ettikleri bir yerdir. Yakın geçmişe kadar cem ritüellerinin canlı bir şekilde icra edildiği Diyarbakır ocakları, birçok talibin buraya belirli zamanlarda gelmesine hatta bazılarının buraya yerleşmesine sebep olmuştur. Günümüzde ise tam tersi bir durum söz konusudur. Diyarbakır’da Alevi inancına mensup topluluk oldukça azalmış ve cem ritüellerini gerçekleştiremeyecek duruma gelinmiştir. Zengin Alevi kültürüne sahip olan Diyarbakır’da birçok zakir ve âşık yetişmiştir. Çalışmamızda Diyarbakırlı Alevi bir âşık olan Mah Turna’nın şiirlerinden hareketle Mah Turna’nın âşıklık geleneği içindeki yeri ve önemi incelenmiştir. Mah Turna’nın bir kadın âşık oluşu çalışmamızın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Yakın geçmişe kadar kadın âşıkların çok fazla incelenmediği göz önünde bulundurulunca bu çalışmanın alana az da olsa katkı sağlayacağını umuyoruz. Son yıllarda kadın âşıklar üzerine daha fazla çalışma yapıldığı görülmüştür. Eski zamanlarda derleme çalışmaları yapılırken kadın yaratıcılar büyük çoğunlukla göz ardı edilmiştir. Sadece kaynak kişi bulunmadığı zaman kadın icracılara başvurulmuştur. Günümüzde yapılan çalışmalar çok fazla kadın âşığın olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sebepten biz de bu tür çalışmalara destek olmak için bir kadın âşığı ele alıp incelemeyi uygun bulduk. Mah Turna Alevi âşıklık geleneğinin önemli bir yaratıcısı ve taşıyıcısıdır. Rüyasında Hz. Muhammet’in elinden bâde içerek âşıklık mertebesine ulaşan Mah Turna, âşıklık geleneği içinde bâdeli âşık grubunda yer alır. Alevi geleneği içinde büyüyen, cemlere ve Yas-ı Muharrem ayinlerine katılan Mah Turna geleneğin canlı tanığı ve yaratıcısıdır. Mensup olduğu Alevi topluluğunun inançları Mah Turna’nın âşıklık kimliğine damga vurmuştur. Kadın âşıkların yaşadığı bütün olumsuzlukları kısmen de olsa Mah Turna da yaşamıştır. Ama o birçok zorluğu göğüsleyerek âşıklık geleneğini sürdürmeye devam etmiştir. Âşık Niyazi’den hece ölçüsü ile şiir yaratmayı, zakir Bektaş Atabay’dan divan sazını, zakir Hanifi Atabay’dan ise çöğür çalmayı öğrenmiştir. Mah Turna usta-çırak eğitiminden geçmiş bâdeli bir âşıktır. Mah Turna’nın hayatı hakkındaki bilgiler ve şiirler Bülent Akın tarafından hazırlanmış Diyarbakırlı Bir Halk Şairi Âşık Mah Turna adlı çalışmadan alınmıştır
Exposure to boron trioxide nanoparticles and ions cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, and phenotypic alterations in Drosophila melanogaster as an in vivo model
No full textBoron trioxide nanoparticles (B2O3 NPs) have recently been widely used in a range of applications including electronic device technologies, acousto-optic apparatus fields, and as nanopowder for the production of special glasses. We propose Drosophila melanogaster as a useful in vivo model system to study the genotoxic risks associated with NP exposure. In this study, we have conducted a genotoxic evaluation of B2O3 NPs (size average 55.52 ± 1.41 nm) and its ionic form in D. melanogaster. B2O3 NPs were supplied to third instar larvae at concentrations ranging from 0.1–10 mM. Toxicity, intracellular oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS), phenotypic alterations, genotoxic effect (via the wing somatic mutation and recombination test, SMART), and DNA damage (via Comet assay) were the end-points evaluated. B2O3 NPs did not cause any mutagenic/recombinogenic effects in all tested non-toxic concentrations in Drosophila SMART. Negative data were also obtained with the ionic form. Exposure to B2O3 NPs and its ionic form (at two highest concentrations, 2.5 and 5 mM) was found to induce DNA damage in Comet assay. Additionally, ROS induction in hemocytes and phenotypic alterations were determined in the mouths and legs of Drosophila. This study is the first study reporting genotoxicity data in the somatic cells of Drosophila larvae, emphasizing the importance of D. melanogaster as a model organism in investigating the different biological effects in a concentration-dependent manner caused by B2O3 NPs and its ionic form. The obtained in vivo results contribute to improvement the genotoxicity database on the B2O3 NPs.No sponso
larval brain
No full textAgriculture commonly utilizes crop protection products to tackle infestations from fungi, parasites, insects, and weeds. Validamycin A, an inhibitor of trehalase, possesses antibiotic and antifungal attributes. Epidemiological evidence has led to concerns regarding a potential link between pesticide usage and neurodegenerative diseases. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been recognized as a reliable model for genetic research due to its significant genetic similarities with mammals. Here, we propose to use D. melanogaster as an effective in vivo model system to investigate the genotoxic risks associated with exposure to validamycin A. In this study, we performed a neurotoxic evaluation of validamycin A in D. melanogaster larvae. Several endpoints were evaluated, including toxicity, intracellular oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), intestinal damage, larval behavior (crawling behavior, light/dark sensitivity assay, and temperature sensitivity assay), locomotor (climbing) behavior, and neurogenotoxic effects (impaired DNA via Comet assay, enhanced by Endo III and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase [FPG]). The results showed that exposure to validamycin A, especially at higher doses (1 and 2.5 mM), induced DNA impairment in neuroblasts as observed by Comet assay. Both larvae and adults exhibited behavioral changes and produced reactive oxygen species. Most importantly, this research represents a pioneering effort to report neurogenotoxicity data specifically in Drosophila larval neuroblasts, thus underscoring the importance of this species as a testing model in exploring the biological impacts of validamycin A. The in vivo findings from the experiments are a valuable and novel addition to the existing validamycin A neurogenotoxicity database.No sponso
Heavy metal accumulation and genotoxic effects in levant vole (Microtus guentheri) collected from contaminated areas due to mining activities
No full textHeavy metal contamination is a serious environmental problem commonly monitored in various organisms. Small wild rodents are ideal biological monitors to show the extent of environmental pollution.The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of marble and stone quarries on the Levant vole,Microtus guentheri, inhabiting some polluted sites. In this context, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze distribution of thirteen heavy metals (Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn,Ni, B, Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Hg) in the organs (skins, bones, muscles, livers and kidneys) of the biological specimens, and the comet assay revealed DNA damage in blood lymphocytes for the first time. This study was conducted at close to the marble and stone quarries at Korkuteli, Antalya-Turkey during spring,summer, autumn (2017) and winter (2018) seasons. In spring and summer, genetic damage in blood lymphocytes from all polluted sites (sites 1e5) was significantly higher than that of controls, while in autumn it was higher in samples from three sites (sites 3e5). In terms of heavy metal distribution in organs, we found depositions of Fe, Al, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, As and Pb primarily in the skin with its derivatives, Cu and Cd deposits in the kidney, Cu, Cd and B deposits in the liver, and As and Pb depositions in the bones. The study shows that certain organs (especially skin with its derivatives) and blood lymphocytes of Levant vole can be used as ideal indicators of heavy metal pollution. Our results suggest that the Korkuteli area could already be under the threat of heavy metal pollution.This work was supported by The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University. Project Number: FDK- 2016-1421.We special thanks to Dr. Levent Sarıkçıoglu for this support to use Fluorescence microscope in this study
Drosophila as a suitable in vivo model in the safety assessment of nanomaterials
No full textNanotechnology is often praised as the future technology that will revolutionize the world as we know it, because nanomaterials (NMs) offer numerous practical applications for a wide range of fields such as medicine, cosmetics, food preservation, paintings, and industry. Produced by nanotechnology, NMs are in the front line of this innovative applied science, while nanoparticles (NPs) refer to materials existing in the natural world and measuring 1-100 nanometers in at least one dimension. The recent surge in the number of endeavors to utilize NMs makes it imperative to identify hazards and risk factors involved as we have yet to know harmful effects of this uncharted territory on the environment and public health. While researchers generally choose to carry out in vitro experiments in an effort to assess toxicity of NMs, in vivo approaches seem to yield better evidence that is more relevant to risk assessment. In that context, Drosophila melanogaster stands out as the most dynamic model organism for biological experiments, since 75% of the genes responsible for human diseases are known to have homologs in D. melanogaster, which facilitates research into various pathologies. This book chapter aims to present the full picture of studies on separate NMs that employed in vivo approaches (toxicity, genotoxicity, internalization, cell uptake, tissue distribution, etc.) using D. melanogaster, attempting to offer an in-depth analysis of risks involved in exposure to NMs, as well as many advantages of other animal models used by nanogenotoxicology studies.No sponso
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