1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Enabling low-latency applications using programmable networks
No full textThroughout the last decades, communication networks have become embedded into almost every aspect of our day-to-day lives (e.g., watching movies, online shopping, sharing moments with friends and family). Moreover, as the support for the transport of audio and video became the norm, new application domains have kept emerging every day. One of these, the Tactile Internet, enables the transport of the sense of touch. Consequently, it allows the end-users to interact with a remote environment in the same way they would if they were present locally. While such applications could revolutionize many industries by enabling users to transport their skills (e.g., surgical skills) across the globe, they pose many new challenges to communication networks, such as the need for very low latency. Yet, providing low latency is fundamentally different from providing high bandwidth, and, as this thesis demonstrates, existing solutions developed for bandwidth-oriented services are not directly applicable to low-latency services. This thesis explores how programmable networks can be used to facilitate emerging low-latency services. Specifically, it combines the advantages of (1) Software-Defined-Networking (SDN), a paradigm in networking that centralizes the control plane, and (2) programmable data planes, which enable an on-the-fly deployment of novel algorithms to the network switches. In particular, this thesis explores what SDN controller tasks are feasible to be offloaded to the data plane, the trade-offs in doing so, and their benefits on low-latency applications. Moreover, it takes advantage of the more fine-grained monitoring possibilities of programmable data planes and incorporates these measurements into the data plane algorithms. As a result, this thesis develops a set of solutions that enable network switches to react to short-term changes in the networking traffic and act independently (or with limited input), improving the Quality of Service (QoS) of low-latency flows.First, we investigate the limitations of programmable switches and ways to overcome them by developing an application to detect heavy hitters (e.g., flows that consume most resources in the network). Next, we explore the concept of network slicing, i.e., reserving part of a physical network for a specific service. We demonstrate that network switches can combine data plane measurements and limited (preconfigured) input from the central controller to enable elasticity, i.e., the ability to automatically scale the assigned network resources based on the flows' requirements with negligible delay. Next, we analyze the co-existence and interactions between flows using different congestion control algorithms and/or having different RTTs. We use this information to develop a data plane algorithm to improve their interactions. Finally, we demonstrate how congestion detection and avoidance can be achieved in the data plane without any assistance from the end-hosts.Embedded System
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Elastic scaling of P4 network functions
No full textAs recently emerged network concepts such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promise to bring more flexibility to existing networks they also pave the road for the development of a new type of service. These novel services are known as mission-critical services which generally have tight latency and jitter restrictions. Some examples of this type of service are could gaming, cloud-connected virtual reality, or remote surgery. To avoid exceeding the tight tolerances set by these services, Network Functions (NFs) that are necessary for the network connection (e.g. firewalls), should benefit from both hardware acceleration for increased performance and scaling to reduce the hardware footprint and introduce more network flexibility. In this thesis, a novel, horizontal scaling solution for Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) was designed and implemented in P4. In particular, we propose a novel elastic scaling solution for hardware-accelerated switches. Our solution consists of three parts: flow migration, monitoring, and decision-making. Flow migration, the part where flows are migrated to another switch, is performed in three phases. First, the migration source migrates the state to the migration destination. Then, the migration source updates the NF states as they change on the migration source. When the controller completes its tasks, flow packets are forwarded to the migration destination and the controller can divert the traffic to the migration destination directly. Our decision-making algorithm uses VNF, switch, and individual flow usage statistics to decide where to scale to and if applicable where to place a new NF instance. To reduce the monitoring overhead, only usage statistics for high-rate flows are gathered and overloads are detected within the switch. Our decision-making algorithm is able to spawn new NF instances when an overload occurs or redistribute load among already existing NF instances to optimize NF resource usage. Results show that our algorithm reduces migration times by 0.52s on average while the average latency observed by the flow is reduced by approximately 5ms on average when compared to current state-of-the-art. Furthermore, our solution does not overflow the controller as NF states are communicated directly between switches which are equipped with links that are optimized for high data volumes.Electrical Engineering | Embedded System
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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