1,720,966 research outputs found
Swelling studies of camel and bovine corneal stroma
No full textTurki Almubrad, Mohammad Faisal Jamal Khan, Saeed AkhtarCornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi ArabiaAbstract: In the present study we investigated the swelling characteristics of fresh camel and bovine cornea in sodium salt solutions. Swelling studies were carried out at 20 minutes, 14 hours, and 46 hours on five fresh camel and 5 five fresh bovine corneas. During the 20-minute hydration of fresh corneal stroma was investigated using sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), and sodium floride (NaF) at 2-minute time intervals. During a 46-hour time period, the hydration study was carried out using NaCl (150, 300 mM) and NaF (150 mM) at random intervals. The 14-hour study was carried out to assess the rehydration of corneal stroma after 6 hours of drying. During the 20-minute swelling studies in the first 2 minutes the rate of hydration in both camel and bovine corneas was high but gradually reduced in the 2–20-minute period. The rates and levels of hydration of camel and bovine cornea were not significantly different from each other in all the strengths of solutions. During the 46-hour swelling studies, the initial rate of hydration (0–2 hours) of camel and bovine stroma, in all solutions was significantly higher (Z = 0.056) compared to hydration during later hours (2–46 hours). Camel stromal hydration (high) in 150 mM NaCl was significantly higher compared to bovine stromal hydration in the same solution during the 10–24, and 24–46-hour time periods. Rehydration in camel stroma was significantly lower than bovine in 150 mM NaF. The 20-minute study showed that there was no selective affinity for particular ions in camel or bovine corneal stroma. Initial swelling in both corneal and bovine stroma is faster and more prominant compared to later swelling. The swelling in camel cornea is more prominant compared to bovine corneal stroma. This could be due to higher negatively charged keratin sulfate–proteoglycans in the stroma. Lower rehydration in camel cornea suggests stronger leaching of proteoglycans from stroma in NaF.Keywords: camel, swelling, sodium thiocyanate, sodium bicarbonate, proteoglycan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
ORGINAL PAPER<br>Nott and MEM dynamic retinoscopy: Can they be used interchangeably?
No full textIntroduction: Previous studies suggest that monocular estimate method (MEM) and Nott retinoscopy yield identical results in the assessment of the accommodative lag. However, two recent studies suggested that the accommodative lag measured with MEM retinoscopy is twice that with Nott. This study was designed to re-evaluate the agreement of MEM and Nott retinoscopy techniques. Material and methods: One hundred and thirty (130) subjects aged between 18 and 30 years (22±3 years – mean ±SD), with no history of contact lens wear, ocular and systemic disease or ocular surgery, participated in the study. Nott and MEM Retinoscopy were used to assess the lag of accommodation through the Corrected Ametropia Most Plus (CAMP) subjective refraction at 40 cm. Results: The mean difference between both sessions for Nott retinoscopy was 0.01±0.1 D (mean ±SD). The mean difference between both sessions for MEM retinoscopy was – 0.002±0.11 D (mean ±SD). The mean difference between Nott and MEM dynamic retinoscopy was 0.01±0.13 D (mean ±SD) with 95% limits of agreement ranging between +0.26 and -0.25 D. For both Nott and MEM, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) of the measured lag between the four measurement sessions and no significant difference (P>0.05) was found between both methods. Conclusions: We conclude that in normal healthy subjects with normal accommodative and binocular function, MEM and Nott dynamic retinoscopy techniques may be used, interchangeably, to assess the lag of accommodation at 40 cm
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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