1,721,049 research outputs found
Cοupling stοchastic and numerical apprοaches fοr investigating the dynamics οf cοastal extreme events : Case οf the English Channel and the Νοrmandy cοasts
No full textLes zones côtières sont de plus en plus vulnérables en raison du changement climatique, ce qui entraîne des risques tels que les submersions côtières ou l'érosion des plages, exacerbés par les activités anthropiques et le réchauffement climatique. Une gestion côtière efficace et des stratégies d'adaptation sont cruciales. Les modèles numériques avancés et la surveillance des tempêtes extrêmes sont essentiels pour une évaluation précise des risques et des systèmes d'alerte précoce. Cette thèse examine les houles extrêmes et les surcotes en Manche, mer située entre la France et l’Angleterre), en intégrant les oscillations climatiques globales et les facteurs hydrodynamiques locaux. Les plages de Normandie, avec leurs morphologies diverses, sont étudiées en utilisant des modèles numériques et des systèmes de surveillance pour comprendre les hydrodynamiques et les risques côtiers.Les facteurs stochastiques de l’hydrodynamique marin sont explorés en se concentrant sur les variations de la hauteur des houles et du niveau de la mer, analysées à travers des méthodes statistiques et spectrales. Une variabilité significative des surcotes a été identifiée, alimentée par les tendances à long terme du niveau de la mer et les interactions marée-surcote, les hauteurs des houles étant influencées par les interactions océan-atmosphère, révélant des dépendances à la température de surface de la mer, à la pression atmosphérique et aux indices climatiques. Une classification des événements extrêmes typiques dans la Manche est récemment réalisée.Une simulation de 40 ans de données avec une validation par rapport aux mesures de bouées et de marégraphes en Angleterre et en France a été réalisée. L'étude classe les tempêtes, en évaluant leur impact sur la côte de Normandie, montrant des variations significatives de la hauteur des houles, principalement en fonction de leur origine et de leur direction de propagation, principalement l'océan Atlantique. Les simulations détaillées soulignent le rôle de la morphologie côtière dans la dissipation de l'énergie et le comportement des houles.La modélisation numérique pour simuler les dynamiques des houles de tempête sur trois sites côtiers normands, est détaillée et validée en comparant les simulations avec les mesures des bouées, les formulations théoriques et les données de run-up de houles mesurées par les Systèmes de Surveillance Vidéo (VMS). Les résultats montrent que la hauteur de run-up est influencée par les niveaux d'eau et la hauteur des houles, avec des variations spécifiques pour chaque site en raison des caractéristiques des plages, principalement la porosité des différents sédiments.Les méthodologies stochastiques et numériques ainsi que les bases de données des études précédentes sont enfin appliquées pour lier l’hydrodynamisme avec la morphodynamique des plages dans des conditions extrêmes, en étudiant les composantes d’inondation sur la baie de Seine et l'impact des structures côtières et de la perméabilité sur l'érosion des plages.Coastal zones face increasing vulnerability due to climate change, leading to hazards like coastal flooding or beach erosion, exacerbated by anthropogenic activities and global warming. Effective coastal management and adaptation strategies are crucial. Advanced numerical models and monitoring of extreme storms are essential for accurate risk assessment and early warning systems. The DYNSEEC project aims to enhance understanding of storm dynamics, focusing on coastal flooding to improve risk assessment and mitigation efforts. This dissertation examines extreme waves and storm surges along the English Channel, integrating global climate oscillations and local hydrodynamic factors. Normandy’s beaches, with diverse morphologies, are studied using numerical modelling and monitoring systems to understand hydrodynamics and coastal risks.The stochastic drivers of maritime hydrodynamics are explored, focusing on wave height and sea level variations, analyzed through statistical and spectral methods. The research identifies significant variability in surges driven by long-term sea level trends and tide-surge interactions, with wave heights influenced by ocean-atmosphere interactions, and revealing dependencies on sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, and climate indexes. A classification of typical extreme events on the English Channel is lastly performed.A simulation of 40 years of data, with validation against buoy and tide gauge measurements in England and France has been carried out. The study classifies storms, assessing their impact on Normandy’s coast, showing significant wave height variations, dependent mostly on their origin and direction of propagation, primarily the Atlantic Ocean. Detailed simulations emphasize coastal morphology’s role in energy dissipation and wave behavior.The numerical modeling to simulate storm wave dynamics at three Norman coastal sites is detailed, validated by comparing simulations with buoy measurements, theoretical formulations, and wave run-up data measured by Video Monitoring Systems. Results show that run-up height is influenced by water levels and wave height, with site-specific variations due to beach characteristics, mainly the porosity of gravels and pebbles.The stochastic and the numerical methodologies and databases from previous studies are finally applied to link hydrodynamics with beach morphodynamics under extreme conditions, studying compound flooding on the Seine Bay and the impact of coastal structures and beach permeability on beach erosion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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