1,720,989 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Investigating the Architecture and Plasticity of the Auditory System through Spoken Word Recognition
No full textPh.D.The auditory cortical system, like the visual cortical system, is thought to be organized into a dual-stream architecture consisting of an anterior ventral and a posterior dorsal stream. Under this framework, the anterior ventral stream (also known as the “what” pathway) is specialized for recognizing auditory “objects,” such as spoken words. Despite growing evidence that the anterior ventral stream is organized along a simple-to-complex hierarchy, it is still controversial whether a putative auditory lexicon for words exists and, if so, where it is located. Using an fMRI rapid adaptation experiment, inspired by prior work on visual word recognition, we found evidence that neuronal populations in the left anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG) are tightly tuned to individual auditory real words (RWs). In contrast, we found evidence that novel untrained auditory pseudowords (UTPWs) weakly engaged more broadly tuned neurons in this region. This is consistent with a two-stage model of category learning which predicts that auditory lexical representations develop in high-level sensory cortices through experience-dependent refinement of neuronal tuning. Also consistent with this model, we found that neuronal populations in the inferior frontal gyrus (the second stage) are also tuned to individual RWs. To directly test this hypothesis, we performed another experiment in which subjects were trained to recognize previously novel pseudowords (UTPWs). We then compared the selectivity of the aSTG to these pseudowords before and after training. This revealed that neuronal populations in this region were now tightly tuned to trained pseudowords (TPWs) but not UTPWs. In addition, we found evidence that neuronal populations in the left pre-motor cortex are tuned to individual RWs. This raises the possibility that an auditory speech production lexicon may also develop in the auditory dorsal stream
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cerebellar tDCS Modulates Neural Circuits during Semantic Prediction: A Combined tDCS-fMRI Study
No full textIt has been proposed that the cerebellum acquires internal models of mental processes that enable prediction, allowing for the optimization of behavior. In language, semantic prediction speeds speech production and comprehension. Right cerebellar lobules VI and VII (including Crus I/II) are engaged during a variety of language processes and are functionally connected with cerebral cortical language networks. Further, right posterolateral cerebellar neuromodulation modifies behavior during predictive language processing. These data are consistent with a role for the cerebellum in semantic processing and semantic prediction. We combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and fMRI to assess the behavioral and neural consequences of cerebellar tDCS during a sentence completion task. Task-based and resting-state fMRI data were acquired in healthy human adults (n = 32; = 23.1 years) both before and after 20 min of 1.5 mA anodal (n = 18) or sham (n = 14) tDCS applied to the right posterolateral cerebellum. In the sentence completion task, the first four words of the sentence modulated the predictability of the final target word. In some sentences, the preceding context strongly predicted the target word, whereas other sentences were nonpredictive. Completion of predictive sentences increased activation in right Crus I/II of the cerebellum. Relative to sham tDCS, anodal tDCS increased activation in right Crus I/II during semantic prediction and enhanced resting-state functional connectivity between hubs of the reading/language networks. These results are consistent with a role for the right posterolateral cerebellum beyond motor aspects of language, and suggest that cerebellar internal models of linguistic stimuli support semantic prediction
Different Folks, Different Strokes: The Implications of Interindividual Language Network Variability on Post-Stroke Aphasia
No full textPh.D.Language processing is now understood to be supported by a network of connected brain regions. Much of our understanding of the neurobiology of language comes from studies that assume that the language network is organized identically in each individual. A growing body of evidence suggests that this is not true; there is a substantial degree of interindividual variability in the language network in typical populations. The extent to which this is important for individual differences in language abilities, particularly in the context of post-stroke aphasia, remains underexplored. This dissertation investigates the organization of individually-defined language networks in neurotypical individuals, and demonstrates that premorbid language network variability contributes to variance in post-stroke deficits.The first study interrogated the structural and functional connectivity of individually-mapped language networks in typically aging adults. Language networks were mapped in each participant with a validated semantic decision fMRI task. The composition of these networks was interrogated with graph theory analyses of structural and functional connectivity, revealing hubs in inferior frontal gyrus and three modules. Our results indicate that language networks are broadly similar but considerably variable across individuals, and that properties of individualized language networks have behavioral relevance.
The second study investigated the extent to which premorbid variability contributes to variance in post-stroke aphasia deficits. A set of normative language networks (NLNs) was derived from an expanded cohort of neurotypical individuals to represent the expected variability in the pre-stroke population. The NLNs were then applied to structurofunctional neuroimaging from chronic left-hemisphere stroke survivors to interrogate the network disruption that would have resulted from a particular stroke if the stroke survivor’s premorbid language network resembled any of the NLNs. Using two modeling approaches, we demonstrated that 1) accounting for interindividual variability may explain more variance in post-stroke aphasia deficits than assuming homogeneous language networks; and 2) stroke survivors with less severe than expected aphasia may have been more premorbidly reliant on the right hemisphere for language processing.
Together, these studies clarify the importance and behavioral relevance of interindividual variability in the language network and suggest new directions for studies of the neurobiology of language and post-stroke aphasia
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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