20 research outputs found
Preparation of auxotrophic mutants of yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans with CRISPR-Cas9 technology
No full textAureobasidium pullulans je filamentozna gliva s kvasno obliko. Zaradi sposobnosti preživetja v ekstremnih pogojih je zanimiva za proučevanje in uporabo v industriji. Cilj magistrskega dela je bil pripraviti triptofanski avksotrofni sev Aureobasidium pullulans s sistemom CRISPR-Cas9, razvitim za uporabo v Aspergillus nidulans in nekaterih drugih filamentoznih glivah. Prekiniti smo želeli gen ApTRP1 z zapisom za encim fosforibozilantranil izomerazo, ki je tretji encim v sintezni poti triptofana. S prekinitvijo sinteze te esencialne aminokisline smo onemogočili rast in preživetje celice v odsotnosti triptofana. S sistemom CRISPR-Cas9 smo inducirali dvojni prelom DNA v predelu promotorja pred genom ApTRP1. V postopku popravljanja, usmerjenega s homologno rekombinacijo, je celica v genom vnesla zaporedje z zapisom za odpornost proti bleomicinu. Izbitje gena ApTRP1 oz. vgradnjo bleomicinske kasete smo zasledovali s protiselekcijo s 5-fluoroantranilno kislino, reakcijo PCR in rastjo na ploščah s oz. brez triptofana. Prekinjen gen ApTRP1 smo potrdili le z rastjo mutant na selekcijskem gojišču s 5-fluoroantranilno kislino. S primerjavo rasti na gojišču s triptofanom in brez njega ter reakcijo PCR izbitja ApTRP1 nismo uspeli potrditi.Aureobasidium pullulans is a yeast-like fungus. It thrives under extreme conditions and produces biotechnologically interesting products. The aim of the master\u27s thesis was to prepare a tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Aureobasidium pullulans with the CRISPR-Cas9 system developed for genetic engineering of filamentous fungi. Our assignment was to knock-out the ApTRP1 gene. Its product is the third enzyme in the synthetic pathway of tryptophan. By interrupting the synthesis of this essential amino acid, the growth of the cell is inhibited in the absence of tryptophan. The CRISPR-Cas9 system induced a double-strand DNA break in the promoter region of the ApTRP1 gene. A double-strand break was repaired by homology-directed repair where a bleomycin cassette was integrated into A. pullulans genome. We used three different approaches to determine the knock-out of ApTRP1 gene: counterselection with 5-fluoroanranilic acid, PCR and the growth on plates with or without tryptophan. The gene knock-out was confirmed only with the growth on the plates with 5-fluoroanranilic acid. We did not confirm the mutants with the other two approaches
Response of the lady’s mantle (Alchemilla monticola Opiz) to temperature and radiation conditions in the Karavanke mountains
No full textV nalogi smo preučevali odziv planinske plahtice (Alchemilla moticola) na temperaturne in sevalne razmere v Karavankah na dveh nadmorskih višinah. Raziskali smo morfološke, biokemijske in optične lastnosti rastlin, izpostavljenih okoljskemu in zmanjšanemu UV sevanju. Ugotovili smo, da je prišlo do nekaterih razlik pri morfoloških in biokemijskih značilnostih listov. Razlike so nastale glede na različne jakosti UV sevanja, razlike v temperaturi in drugih okoljskih dejavnikih. Vpliv nadmorske višine je opazen v začetku meseca avgusta, ko smo določili največje razlike v količini UV absorbirajočih snovi, jakosti transpiracije ter fotokemični učinkovitosti listov planinske plahtice. Pri rastlinah v alpinskem pasu smo določili več UV absorbirajočih snovi kot pri rastlinah v montanskem pasu. Učinka UV sevanja na specifično listno površino nismo zaznali, zaznali pa smo vpliv nadmorske višine.Alpine plants have adapted differently to extreme environmental conditions therefore they present an interesting subject of research. The experiment took place at two sites which differ in temperature and radiation conditions on different altitudes in the Karavanke mountains. The object of our observation was the lady\u27s mantle plant (Alchemilla moticola). We detected some differences in the morphological and biochemical properties of the leaves. The differences were due to different levels of UV radiation, temperature conditions, and other environmental factors. The influence of altitude is most influential at the beginning of august when we determined differences in the amount of UV absorbing substances, the level of transpiration, and the photochemical efficiency of leaves. Furthermore, the plants that grew in the montane belt, had a lower content of UV absorbing substances than those that grew in the alpine belt. We also detected the effect of the altitude on specific leaf area
Alchemilla monticola Opiz. Functional Traits Respond to Diverse Alpine Environmental Conditions in Karavanke, Slovenia
No full textAlpine plants are exposed to demanding environmental conditions, such as high ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetic radiation, extreme temperatures, drought, and nutrient deficiencies. Alpine plants adapt and acclimate to harsh conditions, developing several strategies, including biochemical, physiological, and optical responses. However, alpine plants’ survival strategies are hardly researched due to time-consuming and complex experimental conditions, which are supported by scarce studies. Our study focused on the functional traits of the alpine plant Alchemilla monticola Opiz (hairy lady’s mantle) growing at two different altitudes (1500, 2000 m a.s.l.) and two different UV exposures per altitude. Near-ambient (UV) and reduced (UV-) UV radiations were provided by using two sorts of UV absorbing filters; temperatures were monitored hourly. The experimental plots were located at Tegoška Gora, Karavanke, Slovenia. Functional traits: physiological, biochemical, and optical characteristics were recorded three times during the growing season. A. monticola showed high maximum photochemical efficiency at both altitudes throughout the season, which confirms good adaptation and acclimatization of the plant. Furthermore, significantly higher maximum photochemical efficiency at the subalpine altitude coincided with significantly higher UV absorbing compounds (UV AC) contents at the subalpine compared to the montane altitude in August. A. monticola manifested high UV AC contents throughout the season, with significantly increased synthesis of UV AC contents in the subalpine conditions in August and September. The stomatal conductance rate increased with altitude and was correlated mostly to a lower temperature. A. monticola leaves did not transmit any UV spectrum, which corresponded to high total UV AC contents. The leaf transmittance of the photosynthetic spectrum increased at the subalpine altitude, while the transmittance of the green and yellow spectra increased under the reduced UV radiation in the autumn. A. monticola’s high photosynthetic spectrum transmittance at the subalpine altitude in the autumn might therefore be due to subalpine harsh environmental conditions, as well as plant ontogenetical phase
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS OF VIOLENT CRIME AT THE TIME OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRISIS
No full textVedno nas je zanimalo in vedno nas bo zanimalo, kakšna je narava pojavov, kot so kriminaliteta, alkoholizem, odklonskost in podobno. Veliko je teorij, stališč in mnenj o najglobljih vzrokih teh pojavov. Naše magistrsko delo se nanaša na psihosocialne dejavnike in socialno-ekonomsko krizo ter njun večji ali manjši vpliv na kriminaliteto. Naj že na začetku magistrskega dela opozorimo, da nobena izmed danes obstoječih teorij ne nastopa v čisti obliki, saj bi bilo neumno zanikati vpliv družbenih razmer kakor tudi pomen osebnosti v nastajanju posameznikove deviantnosti oziroma kriminalitete. Vsa dosedanja raziskovanja nas lahko vedno bolj prepričajo, da sta oba odločilna dejavnika – družba in posameznik – enako pomembna, če ne celo neločljivo povezana (tako pri nastajanju pozitivnih kot tudi pri nastajanju negativnih družbenih pojavov). Pomembno vlogo pri »nastajanju« zločinca igra družba, ob tem pa sta pomembni tudi individualna odločitev in priložnost. Na začetku zaključnega dela smo opisali kratek razvoj različnih kriminoloških teorij o vzrokih za kriminaliteto, njihova izhodišča, stališča in mnenja. Dotaknili smo se človekovega razvoja in njegove pridobitve vedenjskih vzorcev, vrednot, standardov, veščin, stališč in motivov, družbenih norm, sankcij in soočanja s pritiski. Pogledali smo, kako je prišlo do socialno-ekonomske krize in kakšne posledice so vidne danes. Se vidi porast v kriminaliteti nasilnih kaznivih dejanj in ali lahko za to krivimo krizo? Kateri so še drugi možni dejavniki, ki bi lahko vplivali na kriminaliteto? Pogledali smo tudi druge države v krizi, na kratko smo opisali vladajoče razmere in vpliv kriminalitete v Islandiji, Španiji ter v Združenih državah Amerike, saj smo pri raziskovanju pridobili statistične podatke. Poudarek smo dali razmeram, ki vladajo v Sloveniji od krize naprej. Pridobili in ovrednotili smo sekundarne statistične podatke o kriminaliteti v Sloveniji. Osredotočili smo se na nasilna kazniva dejanja, kot so umor, uboj, rop, povzročitev telesne poškodbe in spolno nasilje. Največji poudarek smo namenili nasilju v družini, saj se notranji pritiski in frustracije najprej kažejo znotraj družine. Izbrali smo si tudi odmevnejši primer nasilnega kaznivega dejanja v Sloveniji, ki smo ga s pridobljenim znanjem kar se da najbolje analizirali in izluščili tiste vzroke in dejavnike, ki so pripeljali storilca, da je izvršil nasilno kaznivo dejanje. Opravili smo tudi osebni intervju z znanim strokovnjakom s področja sociologije, doc. dr. Alešem Bučarjem-Ručmanom.We were always interested and we will always want to know what is the nature and phenomena of crime, alcoholism and criminality. There are many theories, views and opinions of the deepest causes of these phenomena. Our masters refer to psychosocial factors in the socio-economic crisis and their higher or lower impact on crime. Let me point out, that none of the now existing theories, do not appear in its pure form. It would be foolish to deny the influence of social conditions as well as the importance of personality in the formation of individual deviance and criminality. All current research can point out that they are both critical factors- society and individuals- and important, if not inseparably linked, both in the formation of positive as well as the negative social phenomena. Society plays an important role in »making« a criminal, while the individual decision and opportunity are also important. At the beginning we describe a brief development of various criminological theories on the causes of crime, their starting points, views and opinions. We described human development and its acquisition of behavioral patterns, values, standards, skills, attitudes and motives, social norms, sanctions and how to cope with pressures. We looked at how crisis occurred and which consequences are visible today. Is there an increase in violent crime and can we blame the crisis for that? What are other possible factors that could have an impact on crime? We briefly described the conditions and impact on crime in Iceland, Spain and United States of America, since we have gained the research statistics. The focus was given to the situation prevailing in Slovenia since the crisis. We obtained and evaluated secondary statistical data on crime in Slovenia. We focused on violent crime such as murder, manslaughter, robbery and sexual violence. The greatest emphasis was placed on domestic violence, because the internal pressures and frustrations are first shown within the family. At the end we have chosen the most notable case of a violent crime in Slovenia and with obtained knowledge, we analyzed and extracted those causes and factors that led the offender to the execution of violent crime. At last we conducted a personal interview with a known expert in the field of sociology dr. Aleš Bučar-Ručmanom
Literature in the Newspaper Soča from 1882 to 1992
No full textDiplomsko delo dopolnjuje bibliografijo leposlovja v glasilu Soča. Sicer je večji delež vložka v diplomsko delo predstavljalo postavljanje besedil in urejanje bibliografije na spletišču Wikivir. Avtorica glasilo umesti v zgodovinske politične in družbene okoliščine ter opiše podobo glasila. Obseg leposlovja primerja z dosedanjimi popisi leposlovja v Soči. Poudari tudi eno redkih avtoric leposlovnih besedil, Marijo Erjavec ter se ustavi pri Funtkovem prevodu Baumbachovega Zlatoroga.The bachelor thesis complements the bibliography of the literature in the Soča newspaper. Work on the thesis also includes setting up texts and editing the bibliography on the Wikisource platform. The author places the newsletter in historical, political and social context and describes the image of the newsletter. She compares the scope of the literature with previous inventories of the literature in the Soča newspaper. She also writes about one of the few authors of literary texts, Marija Erjavec, and describes Funtek’s translation of Baumbach\u27s story of The Golden Horn (Zlatorog)
Back to the Land: Youth and Homemaking on the Countryside
No full textMagistrsko delo predstavlja posebno vrsto migracije v okviru Slovenije: selitev mladih, ki so se pred ali po selitvi odločili za kmetovanje, iz mesta na podeželje. Tovrstna selitev je teoretsko umeščena v polje življenjsko-stilskih migracij, katerih pomembna motivacija je zamišljanje novih okoliščin kot takih, ki bolje ustrezajo vrednotam in zasledovanemu življenjskemu stilu t. i. urbano-ruralnih migrantov. Uvodoma je zato orisana dialektika med urbanim in ruralnim prostorom. Raziskava namiguje, da bi bil pojav lahko povezan z idejami gibanja »nazaj k zemlji«, ki se je skozi zgodovino krepil v kriznih časih, posebej očiten pa je postal v času oblikovanja kontrakulture v 60. letih prejšnjega stoletja. Jedro besedila sestavlja šest etnografskih primerov mladih parov in družin, ki so se iz mesta na podeželje preselili v obdobju zadnjih 15 let in se začeli ukvarjati z nekonvencionalnim samooskrbnim in (tudi) tržnim kmetovanjem. S primeri so predstavljeni dejavniki odločanja za selitev in vzpostavljanje kmetij ter procesi učenja. Avtorica se v jedru prav tako posveti sistemu vrednot urbano-ruralnih migrantov, mreženju med njimi in osmišljanju njihove izbire. Pri tem v ozir vzame tudi čas epidemije covid-19 in razmišljanje o drugih sodobnih krizah. V izogib pastem idealizacije tovrstnega načina življenja pokaže tudi na izkušanje ovir, izzive pri integraciji v novo okolje, zamišljanju prihodnosti in soočanju z negotovostjo.This master thesis presents a specific type of migration in Slovenia: the migration of young people from the city to the countryside, and who have chosen to become farmers before or after moving. This type of migration is theoretically situated in the field of the lifestyle migration. An important motivation of this type of migration is the imagining of new circumstances as those that are better suited to the values and the pursued lifestyle of the so-called urban-rural migrants. Because of this, the dialectic between the urban and the rural space is outlined in the introduction. This research suggests that this phenomenon could be linked to the ideas of the back-to-the-land movement, which had been strenghtened throughout history during times of crisis especially, but became particularly pronounced during the emergence of the counterculture in the 1960s. The core of this text consists of six ethnographic cases of young couples and families who have moved from the city to the countryside in the last 15 years and started to engage in unconventional self-sufficient and (also) market-oriented farming. Through their stories their deciding factors for moving, setting up farms and the learning processes are preseneted. The author also focuses on the value system of urban-rural migrants, the networking among them and on the meaning they make out of their choices. In doing so, she also considers the period of the COVID-19 epidemic and reflects on other contemporary crises. Although there are pitfalls of idealizing this way of life, the author also shows their experiencing of obstacles, the challenges of integrating into a new environment, imagining the future and facing uncertainty
Analysis of geometry exercises in mathematics textbooks
No full textSchool textbooks are a basic teaching material and students as well as teachers use them almost daily. An important part of mathematical textbooks are the exercise tasks that the students are supposed to work out during the learning process. Since exercise tasks have a significant impact on students' mathematical thinking, it is essential that textbooks contain tasks of various types. In the diploma thesis we consider first the structure of mathematical textbooks in general and the role of mathematical textbooks in the learning process. The main part of the thesis consists of an analysis of the geometry tasks in selected textbooks and the comparison of the textbooks with regard to the analysed structure of the tasks. In the analysis we used the method of the Croatian author Glasnović Gracin. We analysed the geometric tasks in two printed mathematical textbooks for the 7th grade of Slovenian elementary school. The tasks were analyzed according to the following characteristics: the required activity, the complexity level, the form of the required answer, and the context features. According to these characteristics we compared two Slovenian textbooks, and we also compared the characteristics of Slovenian textbooks with those of two Croatian textbooks, which were analysed by Glasnović Gracin.
We have found that tasks from analysed textbooks do not stimulate students to activate higher levels of cognitive thinking. Several tasks encourage the student to think and to relate two or more concepts or procedures, but this is done on a rather simple level. The tasks mostly require standard constructions and the calculation of missing data. To a large extent, tasks require a closed answer. The context of the vast majority of tasks is mathematical, and not related to the real world. Comparing Slovenian and Croatian textbooks, we find some differences in activity stimulated by the task and the level of cognitive complexity. In the other studied parameters, the tasks in the Slovenian and Croatian textbooks examined did not differ significantly
