1,720,992 research outputs found
Use of microstimulators to aid upper limb function in hemiplegia
No full textFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to facilitate movement in people who have suffered a central nervous system lesion such as a stroke. FES can be used as an orthosis, where muscles are activated in a precise sequence to assist in functional activities such as walking, or as a therapeutic strategy, aimed at improving impairments such as limited range of movement, weakness and spasticity, and hence enhance recovery (Chae and Yu, 1999)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Why do some people with stroke not receive the recommended 45 minutes of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy? A Delphi Study
No full textObjectives: to gain consensus amongst therapists for reasons why a person with stroke may not receive the Royal College of Physicians’ recommended minimum of 45 minutes of daily therapy Design: three-round remote e-Delphi study.Setting: national study, based in the UKParticipants: Occupational Therapists and Physiotherapists with experience of delivering therapy after Stroke and awareness of the 45-minute guideline.Results: forty-five therapists consented to participate in the study. Thirty-five (78%) completed round one, 29/35 (83%) completed round 2 and 26/29 (90%) completed round three. Consensus (75%) was reached for 32 statements. Reasons why a person may not receive 45 minutes were related to the suitability of the guideline for the individual (based on factors like therapy tolerance or medical status) or the capability of the service to provide the intervention. In addition to the statements for which there was consensus, 32 concepts did not reach consensus. Specifically, there was a lack of consensus concerning the suitability of the guideline for people receiving Early Supported Discharge (ESD) services and a lack of agreement about whether people who need more than 45 minutes of therapy actually receive it. Conclusion: some people do not receive 45 minutes of therapy as they are considered unsuitable for it and some do not receive it due to services’ inability to provide it. It is unclear which reasons for guideline non-achievement are most common. Future research should focus on why the guideline is not achieved in ESD, and why people who require more than 45 minutes may not receive it. This could contribute to practical guidance for therapists to optimise therapy delivery for people after stroke. <br/
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Rehab-Net: Deep Learning framework for Arm Movement Classification using Wearable Sensors for Stroke Rehabilitation
No full textIn this paper, we present a deep learning framework 'Rehab-Net' for effectively classifying three upper limb movements of the human arm, involving extension, flexion and rotation of the forearm which over the time could provide a measure of rehabilitation progress. The proposed framework, Rehab-Net is formulated with a personalized, light weight and low complex, customized CNN model, using 2-layers of Convolutional neural network (CNN), interleaved with pooling layers, followed by a fully-connected layer that classifies the three movements from tri-axial acceleration input data collected from the wrist. The proposed Rehab-net framework was validated on sensor data collected in two situations-a) seminaturalistic environment involving an archetypal activity of 'making-tea' with 4 stroke survivors and b) natural environment, where 10 stroke survivors were free to perform any desired arm movement for a duration of 120 minutes. We achieve an overall accuracy of 97.89% on semi-naturalistic data and 88.87% on naturalistic data which exceeded state-of-the-art learning algorithms namely, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machines, and k-means clustering with an average accuracy of 48.89%, 44.14% and 27.64%. Subsequently, a computational complexity analysis of the proposed model has been discussed with an eye towards hardware implementation. The clinical significance of this study is to accurately monitor the clinical progress of the rehabilitated subjects under the ambulatory settings
Poststroke upper-limb rehabilitation using 5 to 7 inserted microstimulators: implant procedure, safety and efficacy for restoration of function
No full textObjective: To investigate the feasibility of implanting microstimulators to deliver programmed nerve stimulation for sequenced muscle activation to recover arm-hand functions.Design: By using a minimally invasive procedure and local anesthesia, 5 to 7 microstimulators can be safely and comfortably implanted adjacent to targeted radial nerve branches in the arm and forearm of 7 subjects with poststroke paresis. The microstimulators' position should remain stable with no tissue infection and can be programmed to produce effective personalized functional muscle activity with no discomfort for a preliminary 12-week study. Clinical testing, before and after the study, is reported in the accompanying study.Setting: Microstimulator implantations in a sterile operating room.Participants: Seven adults, with poststroke hemiparesis of 12 months or more.Intervention: Under local anesthesia, a stimulating probe was inserted to identify radial nerve branches. Microstimulators were inserted by using an introducer and were retrievable for 6 days by attached suture. Each device was powered via a radiofrequency link from 2 external cuff coils connected to a control unit.Main Outcome Measures: To achieve low threshold values at the target sites with minimal implant discomfort. Microstimulators and external equipment were monitored over 12 weeks of exercise.Results: Seven subjects were implanted with 41 microstimulators, 5 to 7 per subject, taking 3.5 to 6 hours. Implantation pain levels were 20% more than anticipated. No infections or microstimulator failures occurred. Mean nerve thresholds ranged between 4.0 to 7.7?coulomb/cm2/phase over 90 days, indicating that cathodes were within 2 to 4mm of target sites. In 1 subject, 2 additional microstimulators were inserted.Conclusions: Microstimulators were safely implanted with no infection or failure. The system was reliable and programmed effectively to perform exercises at home for functional restoration
Why do some people with stroke not receive the recommended 45 minutes of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy after stroke? A qualitative study using focus groups
No full textObjectives: to generate qualitative data on the views of Occupational Therapists and Physiotherapists about why people do not receive the Royal College of Physicians’ recommended minimum of 45 minutes of daily therapy after stroke, in order to inform a Delphi Study. Design: focus Group study Setting: stroke services in the South of EnglandParticipants: a total of nine participants, in two groups, including therapists covering inpatient and Early Supported Discharge (ESD) services with awareness of the 45 minute guideline.Results: thematic analysis of focus group data identified five factors that influence the amount of therapy a person receives: The Person (with stroke), Individual Therapist, Stroke MDT, the Organisation, and the Guideline. Study findings suggest that the reasons why a person does not receive the therapy recommendation in inpatient and ESD services relate to either the suitability of the guideline for the person with stroke, or the ability of the service to deliver the guideline. Conclusion: this study provides evidence for possible reasons why some people do not receive a minimum of 45 minutes of therapy, five days per week, related to 1) the suitability of the guideline for people with stroke and 2) services’ ability to deliver this amount of intervention. These two factors are related; therapists decide who should receive therapy and how much in the context of a) resource availability and b) people’s need and the benefit they will experience. The study findings, combined with the findings from other studies, will be used to initiate a Delphi study, which will establish consensus amongst therapists regarding the reasons why some people don’t receive the guideline amount of therapy.<br/
Task selection for a sensor-based, wearable, upper limb training device for stroke survivors: A multi-stage approach
No full textPurpose: Post-stroke survivors report that feedback helps to increase training motivation. A wearable system (M-MARK), comprising movement and muscle sensors and providing feedback when performing everyday tasks was developed. The objective reported here was to create an evidence-based set of upper-limb tasks for use with the system. Materials and methods: Data from two focus groups with rehabilitation professionals, ten interviews with stroke survivors and a review of assessment tests were synthesized. In a two-stage process, suggested tasks were screened to exclude non-tasks and complex activities. Remaining tasks were screened for suitability and entered into a categorization matrix. Results: Of 83 suggestions, eight non-tasks, and 42 complex activities were rejected. Of the remaining 33 tasks, 15 were rejected: five required fine motor control; eight were too complex to standardize; one because the role of hemiplegic hand was not defined and one involved water. The review of clinical assessment tests found no additional tasks. Eleven were ultimately selected for testing with M-Mark. Conclusions: Using a task categorization matrix, a set of training tasks was systematically identified. There was strong agreement between data from the professionals, survivors and literature. The matrix populated by tasks has potential for wider use in upper-limb stroke rehabilitation. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Rehabilitation technologies that provide feedback on quantity and quality of movements can support independent home-based upper limb rehabilitation. Rehabilitation technology systems require a library of upper limb tasks at different levels for people with stroke and therapists to choose from. A user-defined and evidence-based set of upper limb tasks for use within a wearable sensor device system have been developed.</p
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