1,720,960 research outputs found
Antibodies and cellular receptors interaction with the immunodominant antigenic site of the capsid of FMD virus: a computational study
Get PDFLa Fiebre aftosa (FA) es una de las principales enfermedades de origen viral que afecta muchas especies de animales domésticos y salvajes con pezuña hendida. La misma, no solo perjudica a los productores dueños de los rodeos sino que, a nivel global, ocasiona gastos y pérdidas económicas millonarias debido al costo de los programas de control y a las restricciones que se imponen en el comercio internacional. El agente etiológico es el virus de la fiebre aftosa (VFA) y su principal vía de entrada a la célula huésped es mediada por la interacción con receptores de membrana tipo integrinas (Ig). Fundamentalmente, el control del VFA es mediado por anticuerpos neutralizantes que reconocen regiones claves del virus como el referido sitio de interacción con las integrinas, en donde el motivo RGD (arginina-glicina-aspartato) resulta esencial. Toda esta región viral conforma el sitio antigénico inmunodominante que se ha denominado sitio A. Las interacciones VFA/Ac y VFA/Ig han sido estudiadas por difracción de cristales y caracterizadas a nivel cuasi-atómico para algunos complejos en particular, pero no existen investigaciones que extrapolen esta información hacia otros aislamientos del VFA, anticuerpos o integrinas de interés. A la vez, las frecuentes variaciones nucleotídicas en el genoma de un virus de ARN como el VFA, determinan una composición aminoacídica también variable que afecta en particular a las proteínas virales estructurales y sus sitios de contacto con los anticuerpos. Los elementos referidos sustentan la relevancia de las investigaciones centradas en la formalización y modelización de estos fenómenos de interacción para complejos entre Ac y otros VFA, posibilitando la generación de conocimiento que resultará de utilidad para el diseño de mejores antígenos y vacunas, así como para la comprensión de los elementos que determinan la especificidad de reconocimiento virus/célula en el modelo del VFA. En esta tesis evaluamos la efectividad de múltiples herramientas de diseño computacional, con diferentes simplificaciones físico-químicas, para modelizar los fenómenos de reconocimiento entre Ag del VFA de serotipo C y anticuerpos, y su variación ante las mutaciones del antígeno. Trabajamos con un primer conjunto de complejos de interacción, disponibles en el repositorio público de datos de estructura (PDB), entre dos Ac de referencia y variantes de un péptido que representa al sitio A del VFA. Modelizamos molecularmente todas las mutaciones puntuales posibles en todos los residuos aminoacídicos del referido péptido antigénico viral y generamos un perfil computacional de la influencia de estas mutaciones en la energía de interacción Ag/Ac. Realizamos además, modelizaciones del antígeno de cepas del VFA con mutaciones en múltiples residuos aminoacídicos representativas de brotes y aislamientos a campo, y obtuvimos una predicción de la interacción de estas variantes antigénicas con los referidos Ac monoclonales. Los resultados emergentes de esta etapa soportan la utilización de aquellos métodos computacionales, que hacen eje en las optimizaciones de las cadenas laterales y el uso de conjuntos de complejos de interacción como molde, para predecir la interacción Ag-Ac. En una 2da etapa clonamos la secuencia codificante de otros 2 Ac monoclonales obtenidos en Argentina que reconocen un sitio A similar pero del VFA A24 Cruzeiro, perteneciente al serotipo A. Para estos anticuerpos implementamos un protocolo de modelado de su estructura molecular y de su interacción con el Ag viral asistidos por la información de los perfiles mutacionales obtenidos en ensayos de ELISA con péptidos con mutaciones puntuales y de información bibliográfica. Por medio de estos resultados de ELISA desarrollamos un mapa diferencial y fino del epítopo funcional para Ac monoclonales anti serotipo A. Finalmente, trabajamos en las interacciones virus/integrinas y mediante las herramientas computacionales descritas, caracterizamos la estructura de dichos complejo de interacción y recapitulamos específicamente sobre los elementos de secuencia y estructura que determinan la especificidad de las integrinas bovinas por elmotivo RGD en el contexto aminoacídico viral. Este trabajo nos permitió detectar potenciales elementos claves en la especificidad de las integrinas αVβ6 por sus ligandos. Este trabajo de tesis demuestra la pertinencia y aplicabilidad de técnicas computacionales de predicción y modelado de la estructura y el acople molecular en fenómenos de interacción entre el sitio inmunodominante del VFA y moléculas del huésped como anticuerpos e integrinas.Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the major animal diseases affecting many domestic and wild cloven-hoofed species. FMD not only affect stock farmers but, globally, causes loss of millions of dollars in economic expenses, control programs and the restrictions it imposes on international trade. Its etiologic agent is the foot-and- mouth disease virus (FMDV), whose main entry to the host cells is through the interaction with integrin (Ig)-like membrane receptors. The FMDV control is mainly exerted by neutralizing antibodies that recognize functional-relevant viral regions. Specifically, the major target for neutralizing antibodies lays in the vicinity of the viral recognition site for the integrins, the RGD motif of the immunodominant antigenic site called A. The FMDV/Ab and FMDV/Ig had been studied by crystal diffraction methods and characterized at a quasi-atomic level for some specific complexes, but there are no investigations that extrapolate this information to other FMDV strains, antibodies or integrins of interest. Furthermore, FMDV displays a high mutation rate, typical from RNA virus, which is often translated into structural protein amino acid changes affecting antibodies contact sites. These elements support the relevance of pursuing the formalization and modeling this phenomenon in order to study and generalize them from a structural biology point of view. This knowledge will be useful for better antigen (Ag) and vaccines design as well as the understanding of virus/cell specificity determinants in the FMDV model. In this thesis, we have evaluated the effectiveness of multiple computational programs with different physical-chemical simplifications to model the recognition phenomena between site A antigens of FMDV of serotype C and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and their variation facing Ag mutational changes. Initially, we worked with two of interaction complexes, available in the public repository of structure data (PDB), between two different mAbs and their antigenic partner, a FMDV RGD peptide. Specifically, we model all the possible point mutations through all the amino acid residues of the aforementioned viral antigenic peptide and generate a computational profile of the influence of these mutations on the Ag/mAb interaction energy. Secondly, we successfully challenged the computational approaches with a prediction experiment; by means of modeling multiple amino acid mutations representative of FMDV outbreaks and field isolates interacting with the referred mAbs. The emerging data from this module showed a good correlation between previous published experimental data and predictions produced in this work. These results supported the feasibility of using computational methods with foundations in the optimizations of the side chains and the use of an ensemble of interaction complexes as an input for the Ag/Ab interaction modeling pipeline. In a second module, we cloned the coding sequence of further two mAbs obtained in Argentina that also recognize and neutralize site A epitopes, mainly from serotype A FMDV (A24 Cruzeiro ). For these antibodies, we implemented a protocol for modeling their molecular structure as well as their interaction with viral Ag, assisted by the information of the mutational profiles obtained by us in peptide ELISA tests and bibliographic information. By means of the ELISA results we developed a differential and fine map of the functional epitope for those mAbs. Finally, we work on integrin/site A interactions using the computational tools previously described and recapitulate over published structural data for human integrins, which allowed us to detect potentially new key integrin specificity position for its ligands. We also model several bovine integrins molecules in complex with a viral RGD peptide and characterized it concerning the integrin ́s specificity determinants by the RGD motif in the viral amino acid context. This work demonstrates the relevance and applicability of the computational prediction techniques on molecular structure modeling and molecular docking in the interaction phenomena between the FMDV immunodominant site A and biotechnologically relevant host molecules, antibodies and integrins.Fil: Marrero Díaz de Villegas, Rubén. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
