1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pharmacokinetic of Azithromycin in Holstein Lactating Cows
No full textEl prototipo de una clase de antibióticos conocido como macrólidos fue introducido en 1952 con el nombre eritromicina. La azitromicina (AZI) es un compuesto semisintético en el cual se ha expandido el anillo lactónico de la eritromicina para formar un compuesto con una estructura anular de 15 miembros que posee en humanos una mayor tolerancia gástrica, mejor perfil farmacocinético, acumulación en células inflamatorias y un espectro de actividad mayor. Estas características hacen pensar que la azitromicina pueda tener un futuro promisorio en medicina veterinaria para ciertas infecciones del bovino como las producidas en la glándula mamaria. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en estudiar el comportamiento farmacocinético de AZI en sangre y leche luego de administración por diferentes vías y en vacas lecheras sanas y con mastitis. Las concentraciones en sangre y leche fueron determinadas por método microbiológico y analizadas por el modelo farmacocinético descriptivo no compartimental. El comportamiento observado luego de administración por cualquiera de las vías analizadas fue típico de los macrólidos con bajas concentraciones en plasma y concentraciones muy altas en leche y tejidos blandos; un gran volumen de distribución y una prolongada fase de eliminación tanto en leche como en sangre. El hecho de que AZI tiende a acumularse en células inflamatorias, ha tenido incidencia cinética en los resultados obtenidos tras su administración, especialmente en la administración intramamaria. Dado su comportamiento farmacocinético estudiado y descripto en este trabajo AZI demostró ser una interesante herramienta potencial para las infecciones de los tejidos blandos el bovino, aunque esto debería ser complementado con estudios de eficacia.The prototype of the macrolide class of antibiotics was introduced in 1952 under the name of Erythromycin. Azithromycin (AZI) is a semisynthetic compound in which the lactone ring has been expanded to a 15-member structure and is considered the prototype of new macrolide structures identified as azalides. In human medicine, azithromycin has an improved pharmacokinetic profile, shows an expanded/enhanced antimicrobial spectrum over erythromycin, and the incidence of gastrointestinal-related effects are significantly lower, providing a useful alternative to erythromycin. In veterinary medicine AZI could possess advantages for the treatment of certain bovine infections such as those produced in the mammary gland. The objective of this paper was to study its pharmacokinetic behavior in blood and milk following administration by different routes, both in healthy cows and with mastitis. The blood and milk concentrations were determined by the microbiological method and analyzed using a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic descriptive model. The results observed after its administration by any of the analyzed routes was typical of the macrolides, with low plasma concentrations and very high maximum concentrations (Cmax) in milk and soft tissues; a great volume of distribution and a prolonged terminal half-life both in blood and milk. The fact that AZI tends to accumulate in inflammatory cells, has a kinetic incidence in the results, especially after intramammary administration. Due to the described pharmacokinetic behavior, AZI proved to be an interesting tool with a potential for infections in the soft tissues of the cow, although this should be backed by efficacy trials.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pharmacokinetic of Azithromycin in Holstein Lactating Cows
No full textEl prototipo de una clase de antibióticos conocido como macrólidos fue introducido en 1952 con el nombre eritromicina. La azitromicina (AZI) es un compuesto semisintético en el cual se ha expandido el anillo lactónico de la eritromicina para formar un compuesto con una estructura anular de 15 miembros que posee en humanos una mayor tolerancia gástrica, mejor perfil farmacocinético, acumulación en células inflamatorias y un espectro de actividad mayor. Estas características hacen pensar que la azitromicina pueda tener un futuro promisorio en medicina veterinaria para ciertas infecciones del bovino como las producidas en la glándula mamaria. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en estudiar el comportamiento farmacocinético de AZI en sangre y leche luego de administración por diferentes vías y en vacas lecheras sanas y con mastitis. Las concentraciones en sangre y leche fueron determinadas por método microbiológico y analizadas por el modelo farmacocinético descriptivo no compartimental. El comportamiento observado luego de administración por cualquiera de las vías analizadas fue típico de los macrólidos con bajas concentraciones en plasma y concentraciones muy altas en leche y tejidos blandos; un gran volumen de distribución y una prolongada fase de eliminación tanto en leche como en sangre. El hecho de que AZI tiende a acumularse en células inflamatorias, ha tenido incidencia cinética en los resultados obtenidos tras su administración, especialmente en la administración intramamaria. Dado su comportamiento farmacocinético estudiado y descripto en este trabajo AZI demostró ser una interesante herramienta potencial para las infecciones de los tejidos blandos el bovino, aunque esto debería ser complementado con estudios de eficacia.The prototype of the macrolide class of antibiotics was introduced in 1952 under the name of Erythromycin. Azithromycin (AZI) is a semisynthetic compound in which the lactone ring has been expanded to a 15-member structure and is considered the prototype of new macrolide structures identified as azalides. In human medicine, azithromycin has an improved pharmacokinetic profile, shows an expanded/enhanced antimicrobial spectrum over erythromycin, and the incidence of gastrointestinal-related effects are significantly lower, providing a useful alternative to erythromycin. In veterinary medicine AZI could possess advantages for the treatment of certain bovine infections such as those produced in the mammary gland. The objective of this paper was to study its pharmacokinetic behavior in blood and milk following administration by different routes, both in healthy cows and with mastitis. The blood and milk concentrations were determined by the microbiological method and analyzed using a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic descriptive model. The results observed after its administration by any of the analyzed routes was typical of the macrolides, with low plasma concentrations and very high maximum concentrations (Cmax) in milk and soft tissues; a great volume of distribution and a prolonged terminal half-life both in blood and milk. The fact that AZI tends to accumulate in inflammatory cells, has a kinetic incidence in the results, especially after intramammary administration. Due to the described pharmacokinetic behavior, AZI proved to be an interesting tool with a potential for infections in the soft tissues of the cow, although this should be backed by efficacy trials.Doctor en Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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