1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Contribution to the developpment of a biological control agent againts Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on oilseed rape
No full textSclerotinia sclerotiorum est un agent phytopathogène responsable de la sclérotiniose ou pourriture blanche sur de nombreuses espèces végétales. Ce champignon entraîne des pertes économiques considérables dans des cultures d'importance économique telles que le colza, avec des rendements pouvant diminuer jusqu'à 30%. Actuellement, la lutte contre cette maladie dans cette culture repose principalement sur l'utilisation de traitements chimiques, mais il est nécessaire de développer des méthodes alternatives et/ou complémentaires aux substances chimiques. Deux souches bactériennes, 108 et 522, de Bacillus sp. présentant un potentiel de biocontrôle vis-à-vis de S. sclerotiorum, ont été sélectionnées lors de tests préliminaires réalisés en conditions contrôlées et au champ. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un produit de biocontrôle anti-Sclerotinia pour le colza en traitement foliaire. Les objectifs spécifiques de la thèse sont les suivants : (i) étudier le mode d'action des souches bactériennes sélectionnées, (ii) évaluerl'effet de facteurs tels que la dose, les isolats du champignon pathogène, les génotypes de colza et la température sur l'efficacité protectrice des bactéries contre S. sclerotiorum sur le colza, (iii) optimiser la production en fermenteur et la formulation des souches sélectionnées Pour ce faire, une analyse complète du génome a été réalisée, suivie d'une validation fonctionnelle des modes d'action tels que l'antibiose, à l'aide de tests de confrontation in vitro des suspensions bactériennes ou des surnageants. La quantification des lipopeptides a également été effectuée. Le deuxième mode d'action, qui implique la stimulation des défenses du colza, a été étudié à l'aide de tests in planta, ainsi qu'avec l'analyse de l'expression des gènes des différentes voies de défense chez le colza. L'influence des facteurs d'efficacité, tels que la dose, la sensibilité des isolats du champignon pathogène et le génotype de colza, a été évaluée à l'aide de tests de confrontation in vitro, d'essais en conditions semi-contrôlées ou sur le terrain. L'optimisation de la production a consisté à sélectionner une source d'azote et de carbone tout en veillant à choisir des milieux ayant un faible impact économique. Cette optimisation de la production a impliqué une augmentation de l'échelle de production, passant de la culture en microplaque à celle en fermenteur de 500 mL, puis à un fermenteur de 30L. Les travaux sur la formulation ont consisté à développer des adjuvants extemporanés sous forme huileuse et aqueuse, composés de co-formulants ayant un faible impact écotoxicologique et toxicologique. Les paramètres physico-chimiques de ces adjuvants ont été analysés, notamment la mesure de la mouillabilité et l'efficacité protectrice des souches bactériennes en combinaison avec les adjuvants. Les résultats de la thèse mettent en évidence la mise en place d'un mode d'action d'antibiose pour les deux souches, ainsi qu'une stimulation plus importante des défenses du colza plus important pour la souche 522, à travers l'activation des voies de l'acide jasmonique/éthylène, du système antioxydant, du métabolisme des glucosinolates et de l'acide salicylique. Il a été postulé que la production de surfactine, de fengycine et d'iturine (mycosubtiline) par les bactéries pourrait être impliquée dans la mise en place de ces modes d'action. Malgré la présence de ces modes d'action, les facteurs environnementaux jouent un rôle dans l'efficacité de ces bactéries. Ainsi, la dose d'application des souches 108 et 522, ainsi que latempérature, ont un effet significatif sur leur efficacité. L’effet de la température est également en lien avec un effet sur la production en lipopeptides. Le type d'isolat de S. sclerotiorum a un effet en vitro, mais pas in planta, et la variété de colza influence l'efficacité de la souche 522, mais pas de la souche 108.Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant pathogen responsible for white mold, cottony rot or Sclerotinia stem rot disease on many plant species. This fungus causes considerable economic losses in economically important crops such as oilseed rape, with yields falling by up to 30%. At present, control of this disease in this crop relies mainly on the use of chemical treatments, but there is a need to develop alternative and/or complementary methods to chemical substances. Two bacterial strains, 108 and 522, of Bacillus sp. with biocontrol potential against S. sclerotiorum, were selected during preliminary tests in controlled and field conditions. The aim of this thesis is to develop an anti-Sclerotinia biocontrol product for rapeseed in aerialapplication. The specific objectives of the thesis are: (i) to study the mode of action of the selected bacterial strains, (ii) to evaluate the effect of factors such as dose, pathogen isolates, rapeseed genotypes and temperature on the protective efficacy of the bacteria against S. sclerotiorum on rapeseed, (iii) to optimize fermenter production and formulation of the selected strains. To achieve this, a complete genome analysis was carried out, followed by functional validation of modes of action such as antibiosis, using in vitro comparison tests on bacterial suspensions or supernatants. Lipopeptide quantification was also carried out. The second mode of action, involving the stimulation of rapeseed defenses, was studied using in planta as well as gene expression analysis of the various defense pathways in rapeseed. The influence of efficacy factors such as dose, susceptibility of pathogen isolates and rapeseed genotype was assessed using in vitro comparison tests, semi-controlled trials and field trials. Production optimization consisted in selecting a source of nitrogen and carbon, while taking care to choose environments with a low economic impact. Production optimization involved increasing the scale of production from microplate culture to 500 mL fermenters, and then to 30L fermenters. Formulation work involved developing extemporaneous adjuvants in oily and aqueous form, composed of coformulants with low ecotoxicological and toxicological impact. The physico-chemical parameters of these adjuvants were analyzed, including wettability measurements and the protective efficacy of bacterial strains in combination with the adjuvants. The results of the thesis highlighted the establishment of an antibiosis mode of action for both strains, as well as a more significant stimulation of rapeseed defenses for strain 522, through activation of the jasmonic acid/ethylene, antioxidant, glucosinolate and salicylic acid metabolism pathways. It has been postulated that the production of surfactin, fengycin and iturin (mycosubtilin) by bacteria may be involved in setting up these modes of action. Despite the presence of these modes of action, environmental factors play a role in the efficacy of these bacteria. For example, the application dose of strains 108 and 522, as well as temperature, have a significant effect on their efficacy. The effect of temperature is also linked to an effect on lipopeptide production. The type of S. sclerotiorum isolate has an effect in vitro, but not in planta, and rapeseed variety influences the efficacy of strain 522, but not strain 108. A dose of 5x107 CFU/ml guarantees stable protective efficacy while limiting the potential cost of the final product. Production optimization involved selecting corncob liquor and glycerol as the respective nitrogen and carbon sources, enabling biomass production targets to be met while limiting production costs. However, the work did not optimize strain sporulation. The development of an oily H 2-1 adjuvant and an aqueous A 1-5 adjuvant made it possible to obtain levels of wettability and bacterial strain efficacy comparable to a market reference product, Heliosol®
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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