1,720,968 research outputs found
A REVIEW OF PLANT-BASED INSECT REPELLENTS, THEIR APPLICATIONS ON TEXTILES AND REPELLENCY TEST METHODS
No full textThere are many life-threatening insects in nature and the most dangerous ones are mosquitoes. People have taken herbal precautions against them since ancient times. Although several chemical and synthetic insect repellents exist in the market, the plant-based protection methods have never been given up such that there is a trend towards producing and commercializing plant-based insect repellents in recent years. In the light of ethnobotanical studies, new insect repellent plants and formulations are being explored, developed and tested. In literature, there are a lot of research on plant-based repellents some of which are reviewed in this article. Information about the most frequently used plant-based repellents and related studies are presented. Different application methods of the plant-based repellents on the textiles are explained with their a few examples in literature. Also, common test methods used for determining the effectiveness of insect repellents and repellent treated textiles are stated and the importance of the standardization of these test methods is emphasized. It is understood that usage of plant-based insect repellents in practice can be beneficial and useful if stayed within their safe concentration limits
Improving fastness of pigment-printed polypropylene fabric
No full textAtmospheric plasma (argon or air) treatment was used to functionalize polypropylene fabrics. A printing paste composed of synthetic thickener, binder, and pigment was applied to polypropylene fabric using a fl at screen printing technique, then the fabric was dried and exposed to heat. Color properties and colorfastness to washing and dry/wet crocking of the cured prints were evaluated. The effects of atmospheric plasma treatments were evaluated by attenuated total refl ectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Higher K/S and fastness values were observed for the atmospheric plasma treated samples when compared to those of the untreated sample
Preparation and flammability properties of hybrid materials containing phosphorous compounds via sol-gel process
No full textOrganic-inorganic hybrid coatings containing phosphoric acid (PA) bonded to the organic-inorganic network were prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) using a sol-gel process. The effect of sol-gel phosphate-based flame retardant coating on polyacrylonitrile fabric properties (flammability, stiffness, and strength) was investigated. Sample characterization of the coated samples were investigated using differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that hybrid coating on the polyacrylonitrile fabrics influenced fabric stiffness, strength, and flammability. And also, flammability of the coated samples after washing cycles was investigated, and the flame retardancy properties of the samples after 10 repeated washings were not completely lost. © 2009 The Korean Fiber Society and Springer Netherlands
Shear behavior of glass fabric/epoxy resin composite prepared by surface treatments
No full textUnsized glass fabrics were subjected to low temperature plasma or silane coupling to modify the fiber and thus influence the interphase properties of the glass/epoxy system. Orthogonal Array Testing Strategy was used for determining optimal treatment conditions. Tetraethylorthosilicate was coated onto an unmodified glass surface. After plasma treatment, glass fabrics were characterized using surface energy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The interfacial shear strength (short-beam strength) of the glass fabric/epoxy composite was determined using the interlaminar shear strength by the short-beam method. Roughness and moisture capture capacity of plasma-treated samples increased. The most efficient interphase could be prepared by plasma treatment or wet-chemical processing using tetraethylorthosilicate monomer
Applying artificial neural networks to total hand evaluation of disposable diapers
No full textThe objective hand measurement and also handle of the materials used for disposable diapers has been looked into, with consideration given the aspects of both dermatitis and comfort. In this work, we tried to predict the handle of disposable diapers by their physical properties using a back-propagation network and a stepwise regression. Handle properties of diapers were measured by universal test equipment and hand values of the fabrics were determined by a group of panelists consisting of some textile experts. The optimum construction of neural network was investigated through the change of layer and neuron number. The results showed that the back-propagation network could predict the hand values of disposable diapers with a meaningful difference. These disposable diapers were used to show that the results of neural network were in good agreement with subjective test results
Improvement fastnesses and color strength of pigment printed textile fabric
No full textThis paper focused on the improvement of fastnesses and color strength of pigment printed textile fabrics. To improve fastness and color strength of the polyester fabrics, atmospheric plasma treatment was used. Polyester fabric was treated with argon or air plasma at atmospheric pressure, and plasma pretreatment effect on the pigment printing was evaluated. A printing paste comprising synthetic thickener, binder, and pigment was applied using a flat screen printing technique. The fabric was then dried and exposed to heat. The cured prints were evaluated for color property, color fastness to washing, and dry/wet rubbing. The effects of atmospheric plasma treatments were evaluated by XPS, SEM and AFM. When the properties of atmospheric plasma treated samples were compared to those of untreated sample, higher K/S values were obtained. Also, the fastness of treated samples increased between 1/2 and 1 point
Atmosferik plazma işlemlerini kullanarak poliamid liflerinin fiziksel özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi
No full textPlazmayı oluşturmak için bir inert ve iki polimerize olmayan gaz kullanılmıştır. Poliamid kumaşların bazı fiziksel özellikleri üzerine atmosferik plazma işleminin etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, farklı plazma işlemleri görmüş poliamid kumaşların ısıl, düşük kuvvet mekanik, hava geçirgenlik özellikleri değerlendirildi. Bu özelliklerdeki değişimin, plazma işlemi nedeniyle liflerde meydana gelen topografik değişiklikler ile yakından ilgili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Isıl özellikler lifler ve iplikler arasında depolanan hava miktarı ile yakından ilgilidir. Poliamid kumaşların fiziksel ve son kullanım özelliklerinin plazma işlemleri kullanılarak iyileştirilebileceğine ve atmosferik plazma işlemlerinin ekolojik işlemlere bir alternatif olduğu düşünülmektedir.An inert and two non-polymerizing gases were used to produce plasma. Effects of atmospheric plasma treatment on some physical properties of polyamide fabrics were investigated. Thermal, low-strees mechanical and air permeability properties of different plasma treated polyamide fabrics were evaluated in this study. It is thought that changes in these properties are closely related to their topographycal changing thanks to plasma treatments. Thermal properties have been closely related to the amount of air trapped between the yarns and fibers. It is thought that physical and final properties of polyamide fabrics can be improved by using plasma treatments, and atmospheric plasma treatment is an alternative for ecological treatments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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