1,721,025 research outputs found
Observations on scalar implicature
No full textÖzet: Bu çalışmada ölçümsel sezdirim açığa çıkaran parmağını kıpırdatmak gibi deyimsel olumsuz kutup birimleri ve ne kelime, şöyle dursun gibi deyimsel ifadeler ve hatta bağlacının özellikleri tartışılacaktır. Deyimsel olumsuz kutup birimleri aşağı gerektirim yoluyla ölçüm içerirken, ne kelime’de yukarı doğru tek yönlü gerektirim vardır. Şöyle dursun ise zıtlık bildiren derecelendirme yoluyla ölçüm gösterir. Öte yandan hatta bağımsız tümceleri bağlayan bir bağlaçtır. Bağlanan iki tümcedeki iki ilişkili varlık, atıf veya olay arasında aşağı veya yukarı gerektirim yoluyla ölçümsel sezdirim ortaya çıkar. Hatta bağlacı dinleyiciyi ölçüme yönlendiren bir bağlaç olarak görülebilir.Abstract: In this paper I discuss scalar-implicature-evoking idiomatic negative polarity items such as lift (one’s) fi nger and other scale marking phrases: ne kelime, şöyle dursun, as well as the discourse connective hatta. Ne kelime and şöyle dursun are two predicative expressions that are used to connect two comparable entities, attributes or situations that form a scale. While idiomatic negative polarity items denote scales obtained by downward entailment, ne kelime is used in contexts where the scale is reached by upward entailment. Şöyle dursun marks contrast. Hatta is a discourse connective used to connect two fi nite clauses, whereby two related entities, attributes or actions in the two connected clauses form a scale through either downward or upward entailment. Hatta can be seen as a guide to the hearer to interpret the relevant constituent in the subsequent clause in terms of a scale
Discourse and coherence relations
No full textSöylemi konu alan berimsel kuramlar, bağdaşıklık ve doğal dil işlemleme konularını anlamamızı sağlar. Bu yazıda söylemi inceleyen çeşitli berimsel kuramlar ve ele aldıkları konular ele alınmaktadır. Örneğin, bağdaşıklık türlerini bağlaçların varlığıyla açıklayan, sözdizim-söylem arasında doğrudan bir bağ aramayı öneren ve sonlu sayıda olduklarını öne süren kuramlardan söz edilmekte, bu kuramların yapı ve anlama ne derecede bağlı kaldıkları konusuna ışık tutulmaktadır.Computational theories of discourse have contributed to our understanding of discourse coherence and natural language processing. In this study we address the issues raised in these theories, such as the connective-based approaches to discourse, the possibility ofdirect mapping from syntax to discourse, and whether the number of coherence relations is limited or left open based on empirical observations as suggested by the theories, their degree of reliance on the structure and meaning
Informational Redundant Utterances in Academic Discourse
No full textBu çalışmada, dilbilim alanında yazılmış olan Türkçe akademik metinlerdeki Eski Bilgi Sözceleri incelenmiştir. Eski Bilgi Sözcelerinin, okuyucunun bilişsel ve bellek kısıtlılıklarından kaynaklanan güçlükleri aşmasını ve okuma eylemini kolaylaştırmasını sağlayan unsurlar olduğu gözlemlenmiştir: Eski Bilgi Sözceleri, daha önce sözü edilen bir ifadenin yeniden anımsatılması amacıyla kullanılabileceği gibi bir önermede örtük olan ve çıkarım gerektiren önermelerin açıkça belirtilmesi sonucu ortaya çıkar. Ayrıca, Eski Bilgi Sözceleri, yerel ve küresel metin yapısı ile etkileşim içindedir.This study investigates Informationally Redundant Utterances (IRU) in Turkish academic texts written within the field of linguistics. IRUs are used to compensate readers' cognitive limitations, such as the inability to automatically infer some logical conclusions derived from entailments, presuppositions and implicatures. Writers, therefore, do not take it for granted that the logical conclusions will be drawn online by their readers; instead they present the logical conclusions explicitly with IRUs to provide reader-friendly essays. Likewise, they use IRUs which they think are not salient enough for the readers to immediately retrieve from the memory: Thus, they use IRUs to bring old information to the readers' focus of attention. Results also show that IRUs interact with the local and global levels of discourse structure in interseting ways
Sentence-Initial Verbs: A Corpus-Based Study
Get PDFBu çalışmada Türkçede tümce başında (T-başı) yer alan ve nesne olarak yan tümce seçen 22 adet biliş ve duygu eylemi ile bunların yapı ve işlev özellikleri incelenmiştir. Türkçe üzerine yapılan dilbilim araştırmalarında bildiğimiz kadarıyla T-başı eylemler daha önce ele alınmadığı için, bu çalışma bu konudaki boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın verisini oluşturan ve çekimli eylemle başlayan tümceler, ODTÜ Türkçe derleminden (Bkz. Say, vd. 2002) otomatik olarak seçilmiş ve daha sonra kapsam dışı veriler elenmiştir. Çalışmanın kapsamı içinde yer alan veriler, betimsel istatistiklere dökülmüş ve her eylemin dilsel özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bulgularımız, T-başı eylemlerin çoğunlukla birinci ve ikinci kişi ekleri ve geniş ve şimdiki zaman ekleriyle kullanıldığını göstermiştir. Bunun nedeni de T-başı eylemlerin konuşmada şimdiki zamanla ilintili, konuşucunun duygu, düşünce ve yan tümce önermesine ilişkin kesinlik derecesini belirttiği kiplik gibi davranması ve bu nedenle öznellik içermesi ya da dinleyicinin dikkatini çekme, onu yan tümcedeki içeriğe yönlendirme görevi üstlenmesidir. Dolayısıyla, verimizde yer alan T-başı eylemler, öznellik ve kişilerarası iletişimde konuşma yönlendiricileri olarak görülebilirThis study investigates sentence-initial verbs that subcategorize for subordinate clauses. We particularly focus on 22 verbs, half of which are cognitive and the other half emotive verbs. Those in the cognitive category are: öğren- (learn), san- (suppose), zannet- (suppose), tinuous tense / aspect morphemes. Results also show that these sentence-initial verbs are used to mark either the speaker’s desire, wishes or varying degrees of commitment to the truth of the state of affairs or proposition in the complement clause, and the speaker’s surprise of an unexpected event in the proposition of the complement clause. In other words, some verbs in our data such as düşünmek (think) and anlamak (understand) can also be used as markers of mirativity. Our data show that sentence-initial verbs are either speaker-oriented or hearer-oriented. In the first case, they appear to be subjectivity markers. When they are hearer-oriented, they seem to be devices for preparing the hearer for an unexpected or incredible proposition expressed in the complement clause, directing the hearer’s attention on what is coming next, leading them to retrieve old information, as well as warning or convincing the hearer. As a result, it appears that sentence-initial verbs in our data appear to mark speaker-oriented subjectivity or hearer-oriented inter-subjectivity and as conversation management devices. That is why the sentence-initial verbs contain first and second person morphemes and present tense / aspect morphemes, subjectivity and inter-subjectivity are anchored to the speaker and the hearer and to the presen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influence of moisture and CO<sub>2</sub> on the material behavior of thermoplastic elastomers for beer bottle closures
No full textMetal closures with a polymer-based sealing for beer bottles have been known since the late nineteen-sixties. However, to what extent which parameter of the polymer sealing gasket plays a role in closure performance to keep the beer quality to a highest level possible is not fully understood. For this purpose three thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) liners were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface roughness in order to understand the effect of relative humidity (RH) and carbon dioxide (CO2) on their physical and chemical properties as well as their macromolecular structures. The TPEs’ viscoelasticity in the frequency domain under different isothermal conditions was evaluated. RH and CO2 were effective for changes in thermomechanical and surface properties. Liner C was found to have lower seal performance attributed to its relatively higher crystallinity, stiffness, weaker bond structure and rougher surface. Vibrations can lead to seal leakage in Liner B due to its higher damping behavior during production and transportation. Liner A outperforms others due to stabile behavior within the operational temperature range.Structural Integrity & CompositesAdhesion Institut
The influence of the surface roughness, creep and relaxation on the performance of elastomeric liners for sustainable glass bottle closures
No full textGlass bottles having a metal closure are preferred for oxygen sensitive beverages e.g. beer. Using thinner closure which comprise polyvinyl chloride-free component is more sustainable. However, protecting the sealing performance as a result of metal closure thickness reduction is challenging. Here we show the relation between the leakage in beer bottles and surface roughness of three different thermoplastic elastomer seals. Compression relaxation and creep-recovery behavior of seals have been analyzed by using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results showed that metal downsizing was possible with Liner A (low density polyethylene (LDPE)/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) and B (LDPE/ styrene-butadiene-styrene), but not with Liner C (high-density polyethylene/butyl rubber). Optimizing smaller surface topography parameters such as the surface roughness depth Rz, kurtosis Sku, average void volume Vvv, arithmetic mean peak curvature Spc, the density of surface peaks Spd and higher peak material volume Vmp, peak material portion Smr resulted in a better sealing performance. Liner C was found to show an increased leakage risk, since there was a high level of stress relaxation leading to a reduced sealing force. The sealing liner material with low relaxation, low elastic modulus and high creep recovery compliance was found to ensure better sealing when thinner metal closures are used.Structural Integrity & CompositesAdhesion Institut
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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