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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dünyada ve Türkiye'de önerilen sosyal güvenlik reform alternatiflerinin temel dinamikleri ve bir model önerisi
Get PDFSosyal güvenlik, sanayi devrimi ile beraber ortaya çıkmış, sosyal devletin gereği olarak kabul edilmiş bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak tüm dünya ülkelerin sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinde neredeyse birbirine benzer nedenler yüzünden sıkıntılar yaşanmaktadır. Genel olarak bakıldığında dünya ülkelerinin sosyal güvenlik sistemlerini etkin kılamamalarının nedenleri; sosyal güvenlik kapsamındaki bireylerin, sistemden faydalanabilmek için katlanmak durumunda oldukları maliyetleri minimize etmeye çalışırken, elde ,edecekleri hizmetinde maksimum düzeyde olmasını talep etmeleri, nüfusun giderek yaşlanarak aktif/pasif ve bağımlılık oranları üzerinde olumsuz yönde etkiler yaratması, teknolojik gelişmeler nedeniyle sağlık hizmetlerinin maliyetinin giderek artış göstermesi, aktüeryal dengenin bir türlü sağlanamaması, kayıtdışı istihdamı önlemeye yönelik tedbirlerin bulunamaması veyahut bulunan tedbirlerin uygulamasında aksaklıların olması olarak belirlenmiştir. Ülkeler bu sorunlarla baş edebilme adına sistemlerinde tadil yoluna veya köklü değişimlere gitmek zorunda kalmışlardır. En çok uygulanan reformlar ise emeklilik yaşının, prim oranlarının ve sigortalılık süresinin arttırılması olmuştur. Ancak mevcut sistemin ıslah edilmesinin yanında ülkeler bazen de özelleştirme gibi uç uygulamalarda da bulunabilmektedirler. Ülkemizde sosyal güvenlik sistemi primli ve primsiz rejimle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Günümüze kadar primli rejimi ifa eden kurumlar, Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu, Emekli Sandığı ve Bağ-Kur idi. Ancak bu kurumlarda da, finansmanlarına, erken emekliliğe, kayıtdışı istihdamın önlenememesine, prim tahsilat oranlarının düşük olmasına, teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak sağlık maliyetlerinin artışına, kurumlararası norm ve standart birliğinin sağlanamamış olmasına, kurumların idari ve mali özerklikten yoksun oluşuna ilişkin ciddi sorunlar yaşanmıştır. Bu sorunların çözümlerine yönelik BYK planlarında öneriler ve tedbirlerden söz edilmiş ve bazı uygulamalara gidilmiş, bunun yanında Uluslararası Çalışma Ofisi'nce bazı reform önerilerinde bulunmuştur. Ayrıca zaman zaman TÜSİAD, sosyal taraflar ve MÜSİAD tarafından da sorunların çözümüne yönelik alternatifler sunulmuştur. Ülkemiz sosyal güvenlik sisteminde yaşanan kaos, 5502 sayılı Kanunla, sosyal güvenlik kuruluşlarının tek çatı altında toplanması ve 5510 sayılı Kanun ve bu Kanunda değişiklik yapan 5754 sayılı Kanun ile aşılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Reform ile yukarıda bahsetmiş olduğumuz sorunların ortadan kaldırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Ancak Sosyal güvenlik sistemimizde köklü değişim olarak nitelendirilebilecek Kanunun bazı önemli getirilerinin yanında iştirakçilerine sunmuş olduğu haklar da azalma ve yükümlülüklerinde artış ile ortaya çıkan negatif yönleri de mevcuttur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Güvenlik, Reform, 5510, 5754, 506, 1479, 5434, 2925, 2926, 4447, Sosyal Sigortalar.\ud
Social security, arose with industrial revolution, is seen as a fact that is regarded for social state. However, all countries have problems about social security systems that are nearly similar to each others. When it is looked generally, the reasons why countries cannot make effective the social security systems are stated as; members as part of social security, while they are trying to minimize the cost that is a necessity for utilizing it,their demands about utilizing the service on maximum level, the negative effects of population that is becoming older on active/passive and dependence percents, increasing of the cost of sanitary service because of the technological improvements, unsatisfaction of actuerial balance ,the absense of measurements on informal employment or the defects on application of the measurements that are found. Countries are bound to make radical changes or modulation to overcome these problems about system.The most performed reform is increased the age of retirement, the percent of insurance premium and the length of insurance. The radical changes are the exchange of retirement system and including the state to the system. The social security system is carried out with insurance premium and without insurance premium. Social Security Instituate,Retirement Fund Instituate and Social Security Organization for Artisans and the Self-Employed were associations that were carried out the insurance premium regime until nowadays in our country. But, there are serios problems on the cost increasing in sanitary service, unsatisfaction of norm and standart information tranfer among instituates,the absense of self-administration of these instituates on financial and executive subjects, in parallel with financing,early retirement,unsatisfaction of preventing the informal employment,the low percent of premium and technological advancements.For the solutions of these problems,some offers and precautions are stated in BYK plans and some application are done,and some reform proposals are stated by International Labour Office.Furthermore,TÜSİAD, social groups and MÜSİAD sometimes offer some alternatives on solutions of these problems. The chaos of social security is tried to overcome by Law No 5502, gathering social security instutiates in a framework of a roof, Law No 5510 and changing on this by Law No 5754. By this reform, problems,stated above,are tried to overcome. However,there are some negatives sides of this reform like the reduction of some rights of members,increase in their obligations;contrary to some positive sides. Key Words : Social Security Reform, 5510, 5754, Social Insurances, Social Security, World, Turkey
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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