1,721,050 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Tailored sampling approaches to capture cancer evolution in human tumour tissue
No full textIntratumour heterogeneity (ITH) is a pervasive feature of solid cancers. This thesis examines how existing and novel sampling methodologies capture cancer evolution emphasising two forms of sampling; a modified form of random sampling termed representative sampling (RepSamp), and machine-learning augmented multi-regional profiling called TILAgg. There are four main results sections.Section 1 explores RepSamp as a tool to capture genomic ITH in breast cancer in the clinic. VAULT trial endpoints are reported. The landscape of RepSeq in breast cancer is described. The benefit of RepSamp in identifying evolving mechanisms of therapy resistance is highlighted. RepSamp for phenotypic biomarkers is introduced. Section 2 utilises RepSamp to decipher tumour evolution. A bespoke in silico sampling model is generated. Simulated and real-world tumour data are contrasted. Pheno-phylogenies are reconstructed using RepSamp of dividing cells. Evidence of selection in certain genes highlights the ability to identify existing and novel driver genes. The role of RepSamp in the identification of metastasis-seeding subclones is explored.Section 3 focuses on iTME, particularly in quantifying lymphocytic infiltration and a novel classifier is generated (TILAgg). This is validated using bulk sequencing approaches and is strongly predictive of patient outcomes. Section 4 presents an iteration of TILAgg using spatial transcriptomic profiling of 1000 genes applied to multi-regional melanoma TRACERx samples which are used to train a deep learning classifier. In parallel, a deep learning model (TILAgg2.0) is trained on data from TILAgg1.0 annotations and lymphocyte annotations in addition to spatial transcriptomics, to classify H&E slides with high throughput and automation. I conclude that sampling is an essential component of cancer molecular profiling but must be tailored correctly by context. RepSamp can better select a sample of cancer cells for molecular profiling. Deep learning can extend the inferences of molecular assays to larger sample areas by classifying H&E image features.
Exploring mechanisms of response and resistance to immuno-oncology approaches in melanoma
No full textBackground
Immuno-oncology strategies have transformed the prognosis of advanced melanoma; in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide durable response in a subset of patients, while tebentafusp (tebe) is the first treatment to improve survival in metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). However, many patients still do not benefit and no biomarkers are ready for use in the clinic. To date, proposed biomarkers are constrained by cohort heterogeneity or small sample size, with limited reproducibility and scalability. Through whole genome sequencing
(WGS) paired with real-world clinical data, and post-mortem sampling, I aim to explore the mechanisms of response and resistance to both treatments.
Method
In the Genomics England cohort, I co-ordinated clinical data collation from 13 NHS trusts for 247 patients, to maximise insights from correlation with WGS, including prognostic markers for survival from primary diagnoses. I identified clinical and genomic predictors for outcome following first line (1L) ICIs, including a multivariate model for response. In the PEACE post-mortem cohort, I conducted a multi-omic investigation into mechanisms of tebentafusp resistance using comprehensive multi-regional sampling in 12 patients with mUM.
Conclusions
Real-world clinical data can unleash the potential for insights from WGS, revealing a rich resource of prognostic and predictive markers. We identify numerous independent predictors of outcome following 1L ICI, in particular neoantigens and copy number alterations. We show that different subtypes of copy number loss can associate with opposing biological sequelae, and uncover a potential interaction with genomic imprinting that can influence ICI outcomes. Following logistic regression, I present a predictive model for 1L ICI response with AUC 0.91. Strikingly, neoantigen burden, escape from nonsense mediated decay mutations and tumour purity are independent predictors that withstand multivariate analyses across 3 clinical endpoints. In PEACE, tebe treated metastases sampled at post-mortem had a higher immune infiltrate and lower gp100 expression than tebe naïve metastases, generating hypotheses for potential mechanisms of action and resistance. In a pilot analysis, multi-regional sampling revealed lower expression of antigen presentation machinery in liver metastases, which may facilitate immune escape and contribute to mUM’s distinct hepatic organotropism. Together, this work highlights the central role of melanoma immunogenicity and host immune response as determinants of therapeutic outcome in advanced melanoma
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