281 research outputs found
Well-known trade mark protection: confusion in EU and Japan
No full textIn this thesis concerning the protection of well-known trade marks against confusion in the European Community Trade Mark (CTM) and Japanese trademark systems, the author critically considers the difficulties in comprehensively defining ‘well-known trade mark’ in the relevant international trade mark instruments. After critical analysis of various definitions of both ‘trade mark’ and ‘well-known trade mark’, she undertakes a comparison of the definitions of the parallel concepts of ‘trade mark of repute’ and ‘syuchi-syohyo’, and also undertakes an assessment as to the extent to which these trade marks are protected against confusion and kondo in the CTM and Japanese systems, respectively. It is concluded that the protection of well- known trade marks against confusion in the CTM and Japan cannot be said to be completely clear, and the author identifies some areas for legal refor
Groene kades langs de Nieuwe Mark
No full textAan de zuidwestzijde van de binnenstad van Breda ligt de deels gedempte rivier de Mark. Deze wordt de komende jaren uitgegraven en getransformeerd tot een blauwgroene ader: de Nieuwe Mark. De Nieuwe Mark moet straks de lokale ecologie verstevigen en het stedelijk klimaat verbeteren. Onderdeel van deze natuurinclusieve transformatie is het realiseren van met muurplanten begroeide kademuren. Wat daar technisch voor nodig is wordt momenteel onderzocht binnen het GreenQuays project.Heritage & ArchitectureArchitectural Technolog
Incomprehension or resistance? : the Markan disciples and the narrative logic of Mark 4:1—8:30
No full textThe characterization of the Markan disciples has been and continues to be the object of much scholarly reflection and speculation. For many, the Markan author’s presentation of Jesus’ disciples holds a key, if not the key, to unlocking the purpose and function of the gospel as a whole. Commentators differ as to whether the Markan disciples ultimately serve a pedagogical or polemical function, yet they are generally agreed that the disciples in Mark come off rather badly, especially when compared to their literary counterparts in Matthew, Luke, and John.
This narrative-critical study considers the characterization of the Markan disciples within the Sea Crossing movement (Mark 4:1–8:30). While commentators have, on the whole, interpreted the disciples’ negative characterization in this movement in terms of lack of faith and/or incomprehension, neither of these, nor a combination of the two, fully accounts for the severity of language leveled against the disciples by the narrator (6:52) and Jesus (8:17–18). Taking as its starting point an argument by Jeffrey B. Gibson (1986) that the harshness of Jesus’ rebuke in Mark 8:14–21 is occasioned not by the disciples’ lack of faith or incomprehension but by their active resistance to his Gentile mission, this investigation uncovers additional examples of the disciples’ resistance to Gentile mission, offering a better account of their negative portrayal within the Sea Crossing movement and helping explain many of their other failures.
In short, this study argues that in Mark 4:1–8:26, the disciples are characterized as resistant to Jesus’ Gentile mission and to their participation in that mission, the chief consequence being that they are rendered incapable of recognizing Jesus’ vocational identity as Israel’s Messiah (Thesis A). This leads to a secondary thesis, namely, that in Mark 8:27–30, Peter’s recognition of Jesus’ messianic identity indicates that the disciples have finally come to accept Jesus’ Gentile mission and their participation in it (Thesis B).
“Chapter One: Introduction” offers a selective review of scholarly treatments of the Markan disciples, which shows that few scholars attribute resistance, let alone purposeful resistance, to the disciples.
“Chapter Two: The Rhetoric of Repetition” introduces the methodological tools, concepts, and perspectives employed in the study. It includes a section on narrative criticism, which focuses upon the story-as-discoursed and the implied author and reader, and a section on Construction Grammar, a branch of cognitive linguistics founded by Charles Fillmore and further developed by Paul Danove, which focuses upon semantic and narrative frames and case frame analysis.
“Chapter Three: The Sea Crossing Movement, Mark 4:1–8:30” addresses the question of Markan structure and argues that Mark 4:1–8:30 comprises a single, unified, narrative movement, whose action and plot is oriented to the Sea of Galilee and whose most distinctive feature is the network of sea crossings that transport Jesus and his disciples back and forth between Jewish and Gentile geopolitical spaces.
Following William Freedman, “Chapter Four: The Literary Motif” introduces two criteria (frequency and avoidability) for determining objectively what constitutes a literary motif and provides the methodological basis and starting point for the analyses performed in chapters five and six.
“Chapter Five: The Sea Crossing Motif” establishes and then carries out a lengthy narrative analysis of the Sea Crossing motif, which is oriented around Mark’s use of θάλασσα (thalassa) and πλοῖον (ploion), and “Chapter Six: The Loaves Motif” does the same for The Loaves motif, oriented around Mark’s use of ἄρτος (artos).
Finally, “Chapter Seven: The Narrative Logic of the Disciples (In)comprehension” draws together all narrative, linguistic, and exegetical insights of the previous chapters and offers a single coherent reading of the Sea Crossing movement that establishes Theses A and B.
Improving flood monitoring capabilities using synthetic aperture radar data cubes
Get PDFFlooding poses a significant challenge across much of the world. It ranks as a leading natural disaster in terms of damage and the number of people affected. Effective management of floods requires rapid or Near Real-Time (NRT) mapping, primarily using satellite-based earth observation data. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is considered the most suitable for flood mapping operations due to its ability to operate in all weather conditions, both day and night, and its skill at distinguishing between open water and land. The Sentinel-1 SAR system has unrivaled temporal and spatial coverage and thus has been tapped for various flood mapping operations. To better harness the vast Sentinel-1 data holdings, most researchers use data cube solutions. Notable in this regard is the TU Wien flood mapping algorithm. This algorithm is based on Bayes Inference that leverages a Sentinel-1 data cube to define the no-flood probability distribution of pixels via harmonic modeling and flood probability from historical water samples reckoned per incidence angle. It contributes to the Copernicus Emergency Management System's (CEMS) Global Flood Mapping (GFM) ensemble workflow being operated in NRT. While working well in most cases, it has issues such as underestimation in flood transition areas and overestimation in agricultural areas. Further, limitations due to SAR-based flood retrievals necessitate the application of exclusion masks. However, over reliance on exclusion masks also presents an issue. As the TU Wien algorithm's novel Bayesian Inference formulation presents opportunities for improvement, this thesis aims further to improve it in the context of global NRT operations. To do this, we systematically analyzed the algorithm performance and Bayesian Inference components for improvement.First, we compared the performance of change detection algorithms in the northern Philippines as a study area. We tested four well-known change detection algorithms that rely on time-series SAR inputs against reference data from Sentinel Asia and optical imagery. We tested parameterizations such as no-flood estimates or references and threshold determination methods. The TU Wien algorithm was also varied by checking the effect of its low sensitivity masking. Our results suggest that the Bayesian Inference used for the TU Wien algorithm is superior to the other tested algorithms due to its stable performance regardless of parameterization. We then proposed an alternative to non-informative priors using Height Above Nearest Drainage to derive spatially varying priors. The HAND data is used as an input to a two-parameter sigmoid function to generate the priors. We optimized and tested this new formulation of priors on five test events, comparing the HAND-based prior versus the original non-informed priors using CEMS rapid mapping results. Overall, the proposed HAND prior improved the flood mapping results by reducing false negatives, with the added benefit of removing dependence on an external HAND exclusion mask.Further, we explored the use of the exponential filter to estimate a no-flood reference probability and replace the harmonic model. This filter is a promising alternative because it accounts for the most recent backscatter observations, coupled with its recursive formulation, which makes it viable for NRT computation. We compared this filter and its parameterizations for flood mapping performance on four flood events in Europe covered by CEMS rapid activation and three sites in Asia covered by Sentinel Asia flood mapping activations. We then proposed a novel time series assessment of false positive rates to avert the pitfall of overfitting for flooded scenarios.From the time-series assessments, we were able to analyze the causes of overestimation at no-flood scenarios by referencing ERA-5 data. We found that well-known causes of low backscatter, such as frost, dry soil conditions, and lesser-studied agriculture effects, trigger higher FPR at scale. In all cases, the exponential filter showed reduced FP. However, improvement to the exponential filter method is needed as prolonged floods in an area result in poorly estimated no-food references and, thus, poor flood mapping performance. We concluded that the exponential filter is an excellent alternative to the harmonic model.In conclusion, we have established the TU Wien algorithm using the Sentinel-1 data cube as a robust method compared with other change detection algorithms. Further, we have shown improvements in the TU Wien algorithm from incremental changes to its Bayesian Inference framework. These improvements are being (and will be applied) to the TU Wien workflow under the CEMS GFM, thus impacting a true fully automated near-real-time global flood mapping operations
Boys of England and Edwin J. Brett, 1866-99
Get PDFBoys of England was a Victorian boys' periodical. It was published weekly by Edwin J. Brett from 1866 to 1899, initially from the Fleet Street offices of the Newsagents'
Publishing Company, and later from Brett's own `Boys of England Office'. It was the first periodical of its kind, and achieved a large sale amongst eager youngsters.
The purpose of this thesis is to provide a general history of BOE and Brett, neither of which has yet been attempted. More specifically, the thesis is intended to address
misconceptions regarding Brett and his work. Historians of boys' periodical literature have tended to portray Brett's papers as largely supportive of middle class hegemony. They
argue that they failed to connect with the lives of their upper working and lower middle class readers. However, this thesis contends that in actual fact BOE engaged closely with
the lives of its readership, comprised mainly of boys from the `respectable' working classes. Therefore, BOE should rightly be considered an important, indigenous component
of working class society and culture in mid to late Victorian Britain.
To provide as comprehensive an analysis as possible, the thesis is divided into three sections: `Paper and Proprietor'; `Content'; `Response'. These sections are divided into further chapters, each exploring a salient facet of BOE and Brett. Some of these engage with, and challenge, the existing historiography of boys' periodical literature. Others introduce historiographies previously remote from the study of boys' papers, widening the
remit of this relatively self-contained field. Some examine entirely unstudied, or largely understudied, subject matter.
Ultimately, this thesis is intended to make a valuable contribution not only to the historiography of boys' papers specifically, and children's literature in general, but also to the wider historiographies of Victorian social and cultural history and the Victorian working class
Other endings of Mark as responses to Mark : an ideological-critical investigation into the longer and the shorter ending of Mark's Gospel
Get PDFThe Longer Ending and the Shorter Ending of Mark's Gospel are the ancient Markan readers' responses to Mark's Gospel. This leads us to the question of how the authors of these endings read their Mark's Gospel. These endings reflect the ideologies of their authors. The ideologies are related to the interests of the author or the authorial community (ideological primary group), and are embedded within the text. The Longer and the Shorter Ending were produced within a social context where the matter of apostolic authoritative leadership was a sensitive issue. A potential conflict is found in many contemporary texts from the NT and the extra- canonical texts, especially with regard to the apostolic authority of Mary Magdalene and Peter. Their struggles for apostolic authority are often found in the post-Easter narrative context. The assumed ideological primary community of the Longer Ending is Pro- Magdalene. It acknowledged Mary Magdalene as its authoritative leader who enjoyed apostolic authority especially over Peter. This community was interested in mission, and re-authenticated the mission of the Eleven. The LE provides a certain guideline for the qualification of leadership in the LE's community, which is the visual experience of the resurrected Jesus. The assumed ideological primary community of the Shorter Ending is Pro- Petrine. It was in favour of Peter, and suggested him as holding authoritative apostolic authority. This community wanted to clarify the resurrection of Jesus, and emended the empty tomb narrative of Mark's Gospel. It was also interested in mission, and the authority of disciples, especially that of Peter, in their performing mission tasks is highlighted in the Shorter Ending
Field notes of John Paul Newey on a study area east of Little Granite Mtn. and elsewhere
No full textManuscript dating from the late 1940s or 1950, prior to author\u27s service in the Korean War, with accompanying note dated March 13, 1956 by A. M. Woodbury, stating that "these notes were never completely organized for publication" before Newey left the field of science, and were subsequently used by Mark Edwin Rosasco in a later study
West Side News, December 7, 1889
Get PDFWest Side News was a weekly newspaper published by the Wright Brothers. This paper, published in March 1889 through May of 1890, featured news from the west side of Dayton. The front page of this issue features the short story titled Mark Twain\u27s Watch by author Mark Twain about trying to have his watch repaired. Also included in this issue are national news, local news, humorous stories, and advertisements.https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/west_side_news/1036/thumbnail.jp
Vulnerabilidad humana respecto la Inteligencia Artificial en el pensamiento de Mark Coeckelbergh
Get PDFAnalyzing the scope of Artificial Intelligence from the perspective and thought of Mark Coeckelbergh, it is possible to appreciate the existing relationship between humans and AI as a point of interest and questioning for multiple fields of knowledge, in such sense the present analysis emphasizes this relationship of the acceleration of technology and the vulnerabilities that it represents. A documentary analysis was carried out, with a critical approach, whose scope lies in the contrast related to the phenomenon under study, having as main sources the works of Mark Coeckelbergh and other sources linked to the proposal of this author, some of them journalistic. The dependence on technology implies a certain vulnerability that is increasingly evident, as a result of the acceleration of the technological race and the incorporation of AI in labor, educational and even daily activities. The author reveals critical elements that are of great interest and relevance for the various fields of knowledge, within these critical elements the most controversial is the chain of vulnerabilities that intertwine the human and the machine, aspect to it there are common views with other authors whose contribution is also relevant today.En el análisis sobre los alcances de la Inteligencia Artificial desde la perspectiva y pensamiento de Mark Coeckelbergh, se puede apreciar la relación existente entre los humanos y la IA como un punto de interés y cuestionamiento de múltiples campos de conocimiento. En tal sentido, el presente análisis hace especial énfasis en dicha relación como producto del aceleramiento de la tecnología y las vulnerabilidades que representan. Se realizó un análisis documental, con un enfoque crítico, cuyo alcance radica en el contraste relativo al fenómeno de estudio, teniendo como fuentes principales las obras de Mark Coeckelbergh y otras fuentes ligadas a la propuesta de este autor, algunas de ellas de tipo periodístico. La dependencia hacia la tecnología es cada vez más evidente, debido a su acelerada implementación en las actividades laborales, educativas e, incluso, cotidianas. El autor revela diversos elementos críticos sobre algunas ramas del conocimiento, entre los que se destaca, por su carácter controversial, la vulnerabilidad en las relaciones entre el ser humano y la máquina
Sentinel-1 Flood Maps Using Exponential Filter as No-Flood Reference
No full text<h2>Background</h2><p>The TU Wien flood mapping algorithm is a Sentinel-1-based workflow using Bayes Inference at the pixel level. The algorithm is currently deployed in global operations under the Copernicus <a href="https://global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu/technical-information/glofas-gfm/">GFM</a> project and have been shown to work generally well. However, the current approach has overestimation issues related to imperfect no-flood probability modeling. In a recent study, we proposed and compared an Exponential Filter derived from no-flood references versus the original Harmonic Model. We have conducted experiments on seven study sites for flooded and no-flood scenarios. A full description and discussion are found in the paper: <strong>Assessment of Time-Series-Derived No-Flood Reference for SAR-based Bayesian Flood Mapping.</strong></p><h3>Methodology</h3><ul><li>We generated no-flood references using the Exponential Filter at various T-parameter values and the original Harmonic Model as a baseline.</li><li>Flood maps were generated using the Bayes Inference-based SAR Flood mapping algorithm implemented in Python using <a href="https://github.com/TUW-GEO/yeoda">the Yeoda</a> software package. Flood maps using the various no-flood references for all available Sentinel-1 image acquisitions for a selected relative orbit per study site.</li><li>Each flood map is compared with the reference <a href="https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-activations-rapid">CEMS</a> Rapid Mapping or <a href="https://sentinel-asia.org/event/Event.html">Sentinel Asia</a> reference dataset to generate validation/confusion maps.</li></ul><h3>Technical details</h3><ul><li>Datasets are stored in GeoTiff format using LZW Compression.</li><li>Files are compressed in two bundles: 1) flood maps, 2) false positive count maps, and 3) validation results.</li><li>Files are organized and tiled following the T3 <a href="https://github.com/TUW-GEO/Equi7Grid">Equi7Grid</a> tilling system at 20m x 20m resolution.<ul><li>Folder structure: dataset/map product>(continental)subgrid>tile>files.</li><li>The study covers the following study sites:<ul><li>EU E039N027T: Scotland</li><li>AS E054N015T3: Vietnam</li><li>EU E054N006T3: Greece</li><li>EU E051N012T3: Slovenia</li><li>AS E024N027T3: India</li><li>OC E057N117T3: Philippines</li><li>EU E057N024T3: Latvia</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>Files are named following the <a href="https://github.com/TUW-GEO/geopathfinder/blob/master/src/geopathfinder/naming_conventions/yeoda_naming.py">Yeoda</a> file naming convention.</li><li>Summary Accuracy Assessment Metrics are in CSV format.</li></ul><h3>Datasets:</h3><ul><li>Flood: <i>flood maps</i> generated using different parameterizations of no-flood reference.</li><li>FP_Count: false positive count maps.</li><li>Validation results include:<ul><li><i>Confusion maps</i> were generated from the difference between the flood maps and the rasterized <a href="https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-activations-rapid">CEMS</a> Rapid Mapping reference or <a href="https://sentinel-asia.org/event/Event.html">Sentinel Asia</a> datasets. <i>Summary Accuracy Assessment Metrics</i> in CSV format.</li><li><i>ERA5-LAND daily aggregates </i>in CSV format.</li><li><i>Root Mean Square Error</i> time-series analysis in CSV format.</li><li><i>False Positive Rate</i> time-series analysis in CSV format.</li></ul></li><li>*Due to storage constraints, no flood reference is available upon request.</li></ul>
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