1,721,137 research outputs found
Letter: The Zap-X Radiosurgical System in the Treatment of Intracranial Tumors: A Technical Case Report
No full textTo the Editor:
We read with great interest the recent article by Pan et al1 about
newly designed surgical robot for brain and head and neck radiosurgery,
the Zap-X system (Zap Surgical Systems Inc, San Carlos,
California). There are described 2 patients treated with ZAP, the
first harboring a trigeminal schwannoma and the second a petroclival
meningioma, treated with a radiation dose of 13 Gy at the
50% isodose line. Both cases experienced tumor reduction and
symptom improvement during follow-up course, in the absence
of any complications.
As the authors state, this is a small series. However,
the extremely novel technology, as well as such encouraging
preliminary results, are of interest for the radioneurosurgical
community and should be followed by other reports in due time.
Several aspects caught our attention and would deserve further
discussion.
The marginal dose prescribed is a standard one for trigeminal
schwannomas2 and in the range of what has been published for
meningiomas.3
The prescription isodose line was 50%, which seems to be
similar to what one would consider using a Gamma Knife (GK,
Elekta Instruments AB, Stockholm, Sweden).
The illustration of the cases within the article, with the dose
fall out outside the target volume, suggest a steep gradient and
is extremely interesting as a concept and physical capacities of
such device. Such might be related to what has been previously
published, a combination of lower beam energy (3 MV), more
solid angle gyroscopic crossfire but also the accuracy related to
image-to-image x-ray correlation technology.4
The presence of structures at risk, in particular the brainstem,
did not represent a problem per se in prescribing such optimal
marginal doses, taking into account that the brainstem is
suggested to support as high as between 12 and 15 Gy at
the periphery, without a risk of complications within this
area. Neuroimaging during follow-up showed no oedema or
other radiation-induced changes. Nevertheless, it did suggest the
presence of intralesional changes (necrosis) for the trigeminal
schwannoma, which is in line with accurate radiosurgical dose
delivered and associated benign tumor radiation-induced histological
changes.
These clinical and radiological outcomes, as well as the
technical capacities, would raise the question whether single
fraction radiosurgery performed with the ZAP system would
induce a similar radiobiological effect as to what is currently
generated by other devices, including GK (Elekta Instruments
AB) or CyberKnife.5-7
There are some technical aspects that we also wish to comment
concerning the Zap-X technology. Some of the innovations
appears revolutionary and promise to enhance the role of radiosurgery
in neurosurgical practice while keeping this technique
close to the culture and moral principles of Neurosurgery. The
Zap-X maintains a robotic approach to dose delivery and imageguidance
(frameless radiosurgery) but with a simplified approach
(ie, the gyroscope instead of a robotic arm and a streamlined
cranial radiosurgery-centric planning and delivery without
the complexity of multipurpose radiotherapy delivery systems).
Innovative online dosimetry provides automated stop if dose
deviations occur during delivery. The system is self-shielded,
namely a vault is not necessary, and the device can be installed
anywhere, possibly complementing a neurosurgical operative
compound. The overall costs of the system promise tomake radiosurgery
more affordable in a world with less economic resources
destined to neurosurgery.
We congratulate the efforts of Dr Adler’s team. We salute the
pioneering role of such personality and of what Dr Adler brought
to our community
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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