1,721,015 research outputs found
Value of Information Analysis Guiding the Reimbursement Decision of Olaparib for Metastatic Breast Cancer
No full textObjectives: Olaparib can improve progression-free survival compared with chemotherapy in patients with a BRCA mutation and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC); however, this drug comes at a high price (AU$6,900/pack). This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of olaparib in this population, and to use value of information (VOI) analysis to inform a potential risk-sharing agreement.Full Tex
Rare Cancers, no Rare Solutions: Risk Sharing Arrangemnts to Reimburse Medicines for Rare Cancers in Australia
No full textObjectives:
Medicines to treat rare cancers (prevalence <1 in 10,000) often have high cost and an insufficient evidence base to inform their registration and reimbursement decisions. Various risk sharing arrangements (RSA) have been proposed to improve patient access to cancer medicines in Australia. We aimed to examine the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee recommendations on submissions made to list rare cancer medicines on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).
Methods:
We reviewed publicly available PBS documents from March 2010 until July 2017 for antineoplastic and immune-modulating agents designated as orphan drugs by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. Data extracted included medicine name, indication, type of supporting evidence provided, source of uncertainty, reason for rejection or deferral, and the special RSA applied to medicines with a positive recommendation. The arrangements were categorised into non-outcome based (i.e., price reductions or rebate), outcome-based (i.e., clinical continuation rule), or data provision (i.e., coverage with evidence development) arrangements.
Results:
We identified 70 submissions for 30 rare cancer indications. Positive recommendations were made in 26 (37%) submissions with an average of 2.2 submissions to approval (range: 1-5). Uncertain clinical evidence was reported in 80% of the rejected/deferred submissions, predominantly due to uncertain overall survival benefit. Other reasons for rejection/deferral included high and/or uncertain cost-effectiveness ratios (75%) and inappropriate comparator (5%). Of the indications with positive recommendation, twenty (77%) had price reduction and/or rebate arrangements and 24 (92%) had a clinical continuation rule; however, only 2 indications (8%) were listed conditional on collecting more data.
Conclusions:
The majority of RSAs have focused on price reductions and/or rebates and clinical continuation rules; nevertheless, there is limited utilisation of coverage with evidence development arrangements. Provisional PBS listing conditional on collecting additional fit-for purpose evidence is a potential solution to mitigate decision uncertainty and improve patient access to medicines for rare cancers in Australia.No Full Tex
PCN95 cost-effectiveness analysis of germline BRCA mutation testing and olaparib treatment in metastatic breast cancer: an evaluation of codependent technologies
No full textObjectives: Genetic testing for a germline BRCA mutation in women with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) can guide targeted treatment with PARP inhibitors (e.g. olaparib) and inform cancer prevention strategies (e.g., risk-reducing surgery) for family members of women who test positive. Unlike BRCA testing in localised breast cancer, the cost-effectiveness of genetic testing in MBC is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of BRCA testing in women with MBC to guide olaparib treatment.Full Tex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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