177,830 research outputs found
Detection of plant species-specific dna (barley and soybean) in blood, muscle tissue, organs and gastrointestinal contents of rabbit
No full textThe aim of this study was to detect plant DNA sequences from low copy number genes of barley grain and soybean meal, the latter being subjected to solvent extraction process, in blood, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle tissue and digesta (duodenum, caecum and faeces from rectal ampulla) of rabbits. For fattening, Hyla rabbits (20 males and 20 females) were fed a diet including barley grain (15%) and soybean meal (12%). Animals were slaughtered at 74 d of age (2 ± 0.2 kg live weight) and samples collected from each animal. The quality of each DNA sample was verified using the UNIV P/Q primers used to amplify a mammalian specifi c portion of mtDNA 16S rRNA gene. The presence of plant DNA was subsequently ascertained on the same DNA samples, as well as on barley and soybean (control). Two classes of plant DNA sequences were monitored via real-time PCR, using SYBR(R) Green I Dye: a high copy number chloroplast gene (trnl) and a low copy number specific for barley (metal-dependent hydrolase-like protein) and soybean (lectin) genes. Melting curve analysis was used to identify the PCR products. The chloroplast fragment detection frequency was higher (P<0.01) in muscle (90%), liver (80%), kidney (80%) and spleen (80%) than in blood (40%) and digesta samples. In the latter, chloroplast DNA was found in 40 and 30% of duodenum and caecum contents respectively, and in 30% of faeces. The specificity of the amplicons obtained was checked by sequencing and annotation. In the samples positive for chloroplast fragments, the frequency of detection of barley specific sequence was higher (P<0.01) in liver (62.5%), kidney (62.5%), spleen (62.5%) and digesta (100%) than in blood (25%) and muscle (22.2%) samples. The soybean lectin gene was not detected in animal samples, although it was seen in plant samples. Results confirm that, except for gastrointestinal tract (GIT), plant single copy genes are more difficult to identify in animal samples.Tudisco, R.; Calabrò, S.; Bovera, F.; Cutrignelli, M.; Nizza, A.; Piccolo, V.; Infascelli, F. (2010). Detection of plant species-specific dna (barley and soybean) in blood, muscle tissue, organs and gastrointestinal contents of rabbit. World Rabbit Science. 18(2). https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2010.18.11182Aeschbacher K., Messikommer R., Meile L., Wenk C. 2005. Bt176 corn in poultry nutrition: physiological characteristics and fate of recombinant plant DNA in chickens. Poult. Sci., 84: 385-394.Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schäffer A.A., Zhang J., Zhang Z., Miller W., Lipman D.J. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acid Res., 25: 3389-3402.Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. AOAC, Washington, DC.Artim L., Charlton S., Dana G., Faust M., Glenn K., Hartnell G., Hunst P., Jennings J., Shillito R. 2001. Animal performance trials with bt crops. In Proc.: 4th Pacific Rim Conference - Biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis and its environmental impact. Australian National Universsity, Camberra, Australia. Nov 1-15, 2001. S: 61 (abstract).Benedich A. 1987. Why do chloroplasts and mitochondria contain so many copies of their genome? Bioessays, 6: 279-282.Chen Y., Wang Y., Ge Y., Xu B. 2005. Degradation of endogenous and exogenous genes of Roundup-Ready soybean during food processing. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53: 10239-10243Chiter A., Forbes J.M., Blair G.E. 2000. DNA stability in plant tissues: implications for the possible transfer of genes from genetically modified food. FeBS Lett., 481: 164-168.Chowdhury E. H., Mikami O., Nakajima Y., Kuribara H., Hino A., Suga K., Hanazumi M., Yomemochi C. 2003. Detection of genetically modified maize DNA fragments in the intestinal contents of pigs fed StarLinkTM CBH351. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 45: 95-96.Duggan P.S., Chambers P.A., Heritage J., Forbes J.M. 2003. Fate of genetically modified maize DNA in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep. Br. J. Nutr., 89: 159-166.Einspanier R., Lutz B., Rief S., Berezina O., Zverlov V., Schwarz W., Mayer J. 2004. Tracing residual recombinant feed molecules during digestion and rumen bacterial diversity in cattle fed transgene maize. eur. Food Res. Technol., 218: 269-273.Flachowsky G., Chesson A.. Aulrich K. 2005. Animal nutrition with feeds from genetically modified plants. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 59: 1-40.Forbes J.M., Blair G.E., Chiter A., Perks S. 1998. Effect of feed processing conditions on DNA fragmentation. U.K. MAFF Report CS0116.Klaften M., Whetsell A., Webser J., Grewal R., Fedyk E., Einspanier R., Jennings J., Lirette R., Glenn K. 2004. Animal biotechnology: challenges and prospects. In: ACS Symposium Series (ed. M.M. Bhalgat, W.P. Ridley, A.S. Felsot and J.N. Seiber). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, vol. 866, pp.: 83-99.Kuribara H., Shindo Y., Matsuoka T., Takubo K., Futo S., Aoki N., Hirao T., Ariyama H., Goda Y., Toyoda M., Hino A. 2002. Novel reference molecules for quantitation of genetically modified maize and soybean. J. of AOAC Int., 85: 1077-1089.Mazza R., Soave M., Morlacchini M., Piva G., Marocco A. 2005. Assessing the transfer of genetically modified DNA from feed to animal tissues. Trans. Res., 14: 775-784.McAllan A.B. 1980. The degradation of nucleic acids in and the removal of breakdown products from the small intestines of steers. Br. J. Nutr., 4: 99-112.McAllan A.B. 1982. The fate of nucleic acids in ruminants. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 41: 309-317.Nemeth A., Wurz A., Artim L., Charlton S., Dana G., Glenn K., Hunst P., Jennings J., Shilito R., Song P. 2004. Sensitive PCR analysis of animal tissue samples for fragments of endogenous and transgenic plant DNA. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52: 6129-6135.Netherwood T., Martín-Orúe S.M., O'Donnell A.G., Gockling S., Graham J., Mathers J.C., Gilbert H.J. 2004. Assessing the survival of transgenic plant DNA in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nat. Biotechnol., 22: 204-209.Phipps R.H., Deaville E.R., Maddison B.C. 2003. Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DANN in rumen fluid, duodenal digesta, milk, blood, and faeces of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 4070-4078.Sawyer J., Wood C., Shanahan D., Gout S., McDowell D. 2003. Realtime PCR for quantitative meat species testing. Food Cont., 14: 579-583.Terzi V., Infascelli F., Tudisco R., Russo G., Stanca A.M., Faccioli P. 2004. Quantitative detection of Secale cereale by real-time PCR amplification. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol., 37: 239-246.Tudisco R., Infascelli F., Cutrignelli M.I., Bovera F., Morcia C., Faccioli P., Terzi V. 2006a. Fate of feed plant DNA monitored in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Liv. Sci., 105: 12-18.Tudisco R., Lombardi P., Bovera F., D'Angelo D., Cutrignelli M.I., Mastellone V., Terzi V., Avallone L., Infascelli F. 2006b. Genetically modified soybean in rabbit feeding: detection of DNA fragments and evaluation of metabolic effects by enzymatic analysis. Anim. Sci., 82: 193-197.Tudisco R., Cutrignelli MI., Bovera F., Calabrò S., Piccolo G., D'Urso S., Infascelli F. 2007. Influence of pellet process of concentrate on the fate of feed plant DNA in the rabbit. Vet. Res. Comm., 31 (suppl. 1): 409-412
Sequelae of an undiagnosed unilateral congenital fixed anterior shoulder dislocation in a 40-year-old female
No full textCongenital shoulder dislocation is a rare condition. A review of the literature showed that 0.018-0.07% of newborns suffer from shoulder dislocations. There have been only few reports about this entity, clinic and radiologic features, treatment, and etiology of this condition remains unclear. We report a case of undiagnosed unilateral congenital fixed anterior shoulder dislocation in a 40-year-old female, which affected the day quality of life. Pediatrists and orthopaedic surgeons should know this rare condition and the importance of a proper diagnosis in the early childhood when an appropriate treatment could be performed
Sensory and electronic nose analysis of Noble goat’s milk from Cilento (Italy)
No full textThe interest in extensive farming which is sustainable for the environment and animal welfare has recently increased. In such context, an approach that arises from these assumptions, aimed at enhancing the quality of dairy products, is the “Noble method”, applied in Cilento area (PSR Campania 2014/2020-Measure 16.1) for zootechnical productions. The disciplinary of the “Noble method” prohibits the use of silage in the livestock feeding system, provides quantitative limits for the use of energy concentrates and dictates specific rules for the botanical composition of pasture forage (at least 5 different cultivars in the ration). Due to constraints related to the feasibility of extensive grazing, the “Noble method” appears to be a promising strategy especially for small ruminants, such as sheep and goat farms. In this investigation, sensory analysis was applied to test the differences between noble goat’s milk and non-noble standard goat’s milk. Then, E-nose, consisting of ten metal oxide semiconductor sensors was used to classify the two types of goat’s milk, in terms of rearing and feeding system, and to test the discrimination feasibility of the device. The milk samples were taken in five different times over a period of six months (lactation period effect) from 18 individual goats. In terms of sensory differences, Noble milk scored higher for descriptors such as grassy and sweet aromatic, typical of an extensive pasture farmed milk, while regular milk scored higher for descriptors such as silage and malty. E-nose resulted capable of classifying the two milk types in terms of animal feed (87.78% correct classification of milk samples according to the feeding system). Since the “Nobile method” follows a production specification, it is necessary to control and guarantee the authentic quality of the dairy products, and the E-nose has proved to be a quick, reproducible and simple method for routine control analyses
Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on rabbit performance, digestibility and rectal Bacterial anaerobic populations during an episode of epizootic rabbit enteropathy
No full text[EN] The effect of three levels of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg diet) compared to dietary antibiotic supplementation (ANT, colistin sulphate 144, tylosin 100 and oxytetracycline 1000 ppm) and to a diet without MOS or medication (control group) were studied on 5 groups of rabbits (n=342 cages/group and 2 rabbits/cage) from weaning (35 d) to 60 d of age in a farm with an anamnestic history of Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy (ERE). Mortality rate was recorded daily. Thirty two cages per group were randomly chosen to record growth performance and rectal anaerobic microbial population. Live weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. At 49 d of age rectal swabs were collected with cotton swabs from 8 rabbits per group and the anaerobic microbial population was counted. Feed digestibility was determined per cage using acid insoluble ash as an internal marker, collecting faeces from 57 to 59 d of age. An episode of ERE occurred during the second and the third week of the trial. The control group showed a high mortality rate during the fattening period (78%) and was not considered for further measurements. Total mortality rate was higher (P<0.05) for rabbits fed antibiotics (34.2%) than for those fed MOS (17.7, 7.75 and 17.1 %, for MOS at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg diet, respectively), with the lowest mortality rate being for those with a 1.0 g MOS/kg diet. Medicated rabbits showed similar growth rates compared to the average of those fed MOS diets (38.6 g/d on average), but impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) and nutrient digestibility (P<0.003). Rabbits fed MOS at 1.0 g/kg showed better growth rates, FCR and nutrient digestibility (P<0.01) than those fed 1.5 g/kg MOS. Total anaerobic and Clostridium spp. counts were higher in medicated animals compared to those fed MOS, with those fed 1 g/kg MOS showing the lowest value (P<0.001). Under critical conditions due to an episode of ERE, a concentration of 1.0 g/kg MOS in the diet, could reduce rabbit mortality and improve growth performance.Bovera, F.; Nizza, A.; Marono, S.; Mallardo, K.; Piccolo, G.; Tudisco, R.; De Martino, L.... (2010). Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on rabbit performance, digestibility and rectal Bacterial anaerobic populations during an episode of epizootic rabbit enteropathy. World Rabbit Science. 18(1):9-16. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2010.18.0291618
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Chondrolysis of the hip complicating slipped capital femoral epiphysis: long-term follow-up of nine patients
No full textNine patients with chondrolysis secondary to slipped capital femoral epiphysis of the hip were followed up from a minimum of 7 to a maximum of 19 years (average, 13.7 years) after the onset of the disease. The degree of slipping of the proximal epiphysis of the femur was severe in five patients and moderately severe in four patients. The nine patients were treated with non-weight bearing, antiinflammatory drugs, and physical therapy. The disease had a good resolution, with gradual regression of pain, and radiographs showed restoration of the joint space in an average of 10 months. At follow-up, mild coxalgia after prolonged activity was present in five patients, whereas in the one patient with concomitant avascular necrosis, pain was much more intense. All patients had some limitation of range of motion of the hip. It was most restricted in two patients, one with associated avascular necrosis and one with a severe slip. In all patients, radiographs showed restoration of the joint space. In the group with severe degrees of slipping, there were marginal osteophytes of the femoral head and the acetabulum. Significant arthrosis was present in the patient treated conservatively and in the patient with associated ischemic necrosis. In this long-term study of chondrolysis secondary to slipped capital femoral epiphysis, the overall prognosis was benign and was determined by the degree of slipping of the proximal epiphysis of the femur and concomitant aseptic necrosis. However, the authors believe that the patients with radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease may have a poor long-term prognosis
Cooper's technique in the treatment of neuromuscular pes cavovarus
No full textThe authors present the technique described by Cooper to correct neuromuscular pes cavovarus and the results of 13 cases of pes cavovarus treated at the Orthopaedic Clinic of "La Sapienza" University in Rome. Cooper's technique seems to be a valid way of correcting pes cavovarus, particularly in growing patients or those with anterior deformities
Localization of dominant eigenpairs and planted communities by means of Frobenius inner products
No full textsummary:We propose a new localization result for the leading eigenvalue and eigenvector of a symmetric matrix . The result exploits the Frobenius inner product between and a given rank-one landmark matrix . Different choices for may be used, depending on the problem under investigation. In particular, we show that the choice where is the all-ones matrix allows to estimate the signature of the leading eigenvector of , generalizing previous results on Perron-Frobenius properties of matrices with some negative entries. As another application we consider the problem of community detection in graphs and networks. The problem is solved by means of modularity-based spectral techniques, following the ideas pioneered by Miroslav Fiedler in mid-'70s. \endgraf We show that a suitable choice of can be used to provide new quality guarantees of those techniques, when the network follows a stochastic block model
Juvenile and idiopathic kyphosis. Long-term follow-up of 20 cases
No full textTwelve patients with juvenile kyphosis and eight patients with idiopathic kyphosis were reviewed at an average follow-up of 19 years. The average age of the patients at follow-up was 33 years (range 26-45 years). All the patients but one, who had a posterior fusion of the dorsal spine, had been treated with a plaster cast jacket followed by a plastic brace. At the end of treatment there had been an improvement of about 30% on the original curves in both juvenile and idiopathic kyphosis. At follow-up, however, all the patients had lost the correction obtained and the curves had become worse than originally, those in idiopathic kyphosis more so than those in juvenile kyphosis. Despite the increase in their angular deformity, all the patients managed fairly well and only two complained of distressing back pain
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