1,721,007 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Long range time transfer with optical fiber links and cross comparisons with satellite based methods
No full textLes références de temps et de fréquence sont largement distribuées sur réseaux informatique et de communications, pour une large gamme d'applications scientifiques et industrielles. Poussé par une demande pour de meilleures performances, un certain nombre de nouvelles méthodes de transfert de temps et de fréquence sur des réseaux à fibres optiques ont été développées ces dernières années. Dans cette thèse, notre objectif est de développer une approche de transfert de temps et de fréquence multi-utilisateurs, compatible avec les réseaux de télécommunications et compétitive avec la distribution de temps par GNSS. Nous nous intéressons donc aux méthodes pour les réseaux à commutation par paquets, comme le NTP (Network Time Protocol) et le PTP (Precision Timing Protocol). Nous nous concentrons également sur les liaisons “unidirectionnelles”, où les signaux aller et retour entre les nœuds de réseau se propagent sur des fibres distinctes, non au sein d’une même fibre (liaisons “bidirectionnelles”). En particulier, nous utilisons une méthode appelée White Rabbit PTP (WR). Développée au CERN, basée sur PTP, utilisant l’Ethernet synchrone et d'autres techniques pour atteindre des performances élevées, WR réalise une stabilité du temps sous-nanoseconde pour la synchronisation d'instruments sur des réseaux à l'échelle de 10 km. Nous sommes particulièrement intéressés par l'extension de cette méthode pour la distribution de références au niveau régional ou national, sur des liaisons allant jusqu'à 1000 km.Nous étudions d’abord les performances de l'équipement réseau White Rabbit, en particulier le commutateur White Rabbit. Nous y apportons diverses améliorations : sur le verrouillage du commutateur grand maître à la référence externe, améliorant ainsi sa stabilité à court terme de plus d'un ordre de grandeur ; sur la bande passante de verrouillage du commutateur esclave ; et en augmentant le débit des messages PTP entre les commutateurs maître et esclave.Nous étudions ensuite les liaisons WR moyennes et longues distances. Nous construisons un lien unidirectionnel de 100 km en utilisant des bobines de fibres dans le laboratoire. Nous découvrons que la performance à court terme est limitée par la dispersion chromatique de la fibre, tandis que la performance à long terme est dégradée par le bruit thermique. Pour limiter l'effet de la dispersion chromatique sur les liaisons longue distance, nous proposons l'utilisation d'une approche en cascade. Nous réalisons un lien en cascade de 500 km, à nouveau avec des bobines de fibres. Nous utilisons le multiplexage en longueur d'onde dense pour construire ce lien par des passages multiples à travers des bobines plus courtes. Nous obtenons une stabilité de transfert de fréquence de 2 × 10-12 à une seconde de temps d'intégration et de 5 × 10-15 en un jour, limitée par le bruit thermique à long terme. Nous obtenons une stabilité temporelle de 5 ps à une seconde de temps d'intégration, diminuant jusqu'à un minimum de 1,2 ps à 20 secondes et restant inférieure à une nanoseconde pour des durées plus longues. Ces performances sont similaires à court terme, et deux ordres de grandeur meilleures à long terme, qu’un récepteur GPS de bonne qualité. Nous nous attendons à ce que les fluctuations thermiques et donc l'effet du bruit thermique des fibres soient réduits d'un facteur d'environ cinq pour les installations sur le terrain.Enfin, nous faisons des études préliminaires sur l'étalonnage en temps des liaisons WR. Le principal défi est de mesurer l'asymétrie de longueur optique entre les deux fibres utilisées pour le transfert des signaux aller et retour. Nous démontrons une technique d'échange de fibres, en utilisant une liaison suburbaine White Rabbit sur fibre noire. Nous décrivons et testons ensuite une nouvelle méthode variationnelle pour l'étalonnage, impliquant une méthode de mesure différentielle basée sur l'exploitation de deux liaisons WR à différentes longueurs d'onde sur la même liaison.Time and frequency references are widely distributed over communications and computer networks, for a variety of scientific and industrial applications. Driven by a demand for improved performance, a number of new methods for time and frequency transfer over optical fiber-based networks have been developed in recent years. In this thesis our objective is to develop a scalable network time and frequency transfer approach, providing multi-user dissemination, compatible with large telecommunication networks and competitive with GNSS-based time distribution. Therefore we are concerned with methods for use in packet-based networks, like the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Timing Protocol (PTP). We also concentrate on “unidirectional” links, where the forward and backward signals between network nodes propagate over separate fibers, not within the same fiber (“bidirectional” links).In particular we use a method called White Rabbit PTP (WR). This is a novel technology developed at CERN, based on PTP while using Synchronous Ethernet and other techniques to achieve high performance. It demonstrates sub-nanosecond time stability and synchronization of arrays of instruments over 10 km scale networks. We are particularly interested in extending this method for large scale distribution of references at regional or national level, over links of up to 1000 km.We first study extensively the default performances and limitations of White Rabbit network equipment, in particular the White Rabbit switch. We make various improvements to its operation: on the locking of the grandmaster switch to the external reference, thus improving its short-term stability by more than an order of magnitude; optimizing the locking bandwidth of the slave switch; and increasing the PTP messaging rate between master and slave switches.We then study medium and long-distance WR links. We construct a 100 km, unidirectional link using fiber spools in the laboratory. We discover that the short-term performance is limited by chromatic dispersion in the fiber, while the long-term performance is degraded by the influence of temperature variations on the fiber. To limit the effect of chromatic dispersion for long-haul links, we propose the use of a cascaded approach. We realise a national scale, cascaded, 500 km link, again utilizing fiber spools. We use Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing methods to construct this link by mutliple passages through shorter spools. We achieve a frequency transfer stability of 2 × 10−12 at one second of integration time and 5 × 10−15 at one day, limited by thermal noise in the long term. We achieve a time stability of 5 ps at one second of integration time, decreasing to a minimum of 1.2 ps at 20 seconds and remaining below one nanosecond for longer averaging times. These performances are similar in the short term, and two orders of magnitude better in the long term, than good quality GPS receivers. We expect thermal fluctuations and therefore the effect of fiber thermal noise to be suppressed by a factor of approximately five for installations in the field.Finally we make preliminary investigations of time calibration of WR links. The main challenge here is to measure the optical length asymmetry between the two fibers used for signal transfer in the forward and backward directions. We demonstrate a fiber swapping technique, using a mid range, suburban White Rabbit link over dark fiber. We then describe and test a new variational method for calibration, involving a differential measurement method based on operating two WR links at different wavelengths over the same optical fiber link.In conclusion, we demonstrate high performance, long haul White Rabbit links for time and frequency dissemination to multiple users. With the level of frequency transfer performance achieved, White Rabbit PTP provides a competitive and scalable technique for comparing industrial atomic clocks at regional and national scales
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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