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Diagnostic value of HpSA (helicobacter pylori stool antigen) in diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection
No full textTıpta UzmanlıkÖZET Kronik dispeptik yakınmalar ile Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı polikliniğine Nisan 2001-Ekim 2002 tarihleri arasında başvuran 68 olguya endoskopi uygulanarak mide korpus ve antrumundan ikişer adet biyopsi alındı ve eşzamanlı olarak gaita örnekleri toplandı. Bu çalışmada H.pylori infeksiyonu tanısında yeni bir noninvaziv yöntem olan"Heiicobacter pylori Stool Antigen" testinin tanısal değerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Biyopsi örneklerinden biri endoskopi laboratuvarında üreaz testine tabi tutuldu. Diğer bir örnek Patoloji Anabilim Dalı laboratuvarında patolog tarafından histopatoiojik olarak incelenerek gastrik mukozal H. pylori varlığı araştırıldı. Olguların gaitalarındaki olası bakteri antijenleri ise HpSA kiti ile değerlendirildi. Bu sonuçlar ve olgulara ait diğer özellikler istatistiki olarak karşılaştırıldığında yaş ve cinsiyete göre anlamlı istatistiksel fark saptanmadı. Gerek üreaz testi gerekse histopatoiojik incelemeler ile elde edilen sonuçlar gaitada HpSA test sonuçları ile karşılaştırıldı. Endoskopik biyopsi örneklerinde her iki yöntemle infeksiyon var kabul edilen olgu grubunda HpSA testinin duyarlılığı, pozitif ve negatif kestirim değerleri yüksek, özgüllüğü düşük bulundu. Klasik endoskopik yöntemlerden sadece biriyle H. pylori pozitif saptanan ve H. pylori enfeksiyonu var kabul edilen grupta ise HpSA testinin duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif ve negatif kestirim 51değerlerinin tümü yüksek saptandı. Endoskopi ünitelerinde pratik ve ekonomik bir yöntem olarak uygulanan üreaz testinin duyarlılığı, özgüllüğü, pozitif ve negatif kestirim değerleri referans test kabul edilen histopatolojik inceleme yöntemine yakın değerlerde yüksek saptandı. H. pylori pozitifliği, bakterinin topografik kolonizasyonuna göre değerlendirildiğinde antral lokalizasyon, korpustan daha anlamlı bulundu. Sonuç olarak gerektiğinde H. pylori infeksiyonu tanısında noninvaziv bir test yöntemi olan HpSA'nın duyarlılığının diğer bazı invaziv tanı yöntemlerine yakın olarak yüksek olması nedeniyle rutinde kullanılan güvenilir bir test metodu olarak tanımlanabilir.Bunun yamsıra klasik olarak antral biyopsi örneklerinde bakteri kolonizasyonuna daha sık olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca antral lokalizasyonun fekal H.pylori atılımıyla daha ilişkili olduğu gözlendi. Bu durum antral biyopsinin gerekliliğini vurgulamakla birlikte, çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı invaziv yöntemlerle bakteri saptanamadığı durumlarda dışkıda bakteriyel antijenlerin bulunabileceği varsayımı ile ilgili daha kapsamlı araştırmalara gereksinim olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. 52DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF HpSA(Helicobacter Stool Antigen) IN DIAGNOSIS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION SUMMARY Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed and two biopsies from each gastric corpus and antrum were taken in 68 patients with chronic dyspeptic complaints referred to Trakya University Medical Faculty Gastroenterology Department between April 2001 and October 2002. AH patients were required to deliver a stool specimen simultaneously with esophagogastroduodenoscopy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of "Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Test" in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection which is a novel noninvasive method. One of the two biopsy specimen was used for urease test and the other for histological examination for detection of gastric mucosal Hp. Possible bacterial antibodies in stool specimen were tested by using HpSA kit. After the comparison of these findings and patient characteristics, no statistically significant difference was found in accordance with age and sex. The results from both urease test and histopathological examinations were compared with stool HpSA test results. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of HpSA test was high, however, its 53specificity was low in patients in whom infection had been shown to be positive by two methods using endoscopy biopsy specimen. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of HpSA were high in patients in whom Hp had been detected and were dianosed as Hp infection by using only one of the classical endoscopic methods. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of urease test, which is still a practical and economic method performing in endoscopy units, were found to be high that's close to the levels of histopathological examinations' that have been accepted as reference tests. When helicobacter pylori positivity was evaluated according to the bacterial topographic colonisation, antral localisation was found to be more significant than the corpus localisation. As a result, the close sensitivity of HpSA test to the other invasive diagnostic methods and its noninvasiveness nature make it ideal method as a screening test. Besides, bacterial colonisation was found to be more frequent in antral biopsy specimen. And antral localisation was detected to be more associated with fecal Hp discharge. This situation emphasizes the necessity of antral biopsies and in conditions in which no bacteria can be detected because of various reasons by invasive methods, further evaluation is needed for the probability of stool bacteral antibodies. 5
The role of noninvasive serum markers in determinating the grade of liver fibrosis in choronic viral hepatitis
No full textTıpta UzmanlıkTrakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Ana Bilim Dalı, Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı polikliniğine Ocak 2004 ve Aralık 2006 tarihleri arasında başvuran, en az altı ay süresince karaciğer enzimleri yüksek seyreden ve kronik karaciğer hastalığı tanısı alarak perkütan karaciğer biyopsisi yapılan 39 hepatit B, 10 hepatit C ve 1 hepatit B ve C'li toplam 50 olgu, histopatolojik olarak fibrozisi olmayan veya hafif olan grup I, ileri derecede fibrozisi olan grup II olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Bu gruplarda YKL-40 (Condrex) ve TIMP-1 (Tissue ihibitor of matrix metalloproteinase)'in serum düzeylerinin fibrozis derecesini belirlemedeki uyumluluğu araştırıldı. Serum YKL-40 düzeyi, fibrozisi olamayan veya hafif olan grupta ortalama 142.6 ± 77.5 ng/ml, ileri derecede fibrozisi olanlarda 265.4 ± 65.9 ng/ml, TIMP-1 için hafif fibrozisli veya fibrozisi olamayan grupta ortalama 35.1 ± 3.7 iken, ileri derecede fibrozisi olan grupta 737.4 ± 63.7 olarak saptandı. Bu sonuçlarla, YKL-40 ve TIMP-1 düzeyi, ileri derecede fibrozisi göstermede istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Eşik değerler YKL-40 için 182.25ng/ml ve 208.22ng/ml, TIMP-1 için 40ng/ml alındığında duyarlılık ve özgüllüğün yüksek olduğu, hastaları ve sağlıklıları en iyi ayırabildiği gözlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda, karaciğer fibrozisinde olgulara ait anlamlı olabilecek özelliklere ve biyokimyasal değerlere de bakıldı. İleri derecede fibrozisin olduğu grupta yaş ortalaması belirgin olarak daha yüksek, biyokimyasal olarak gama glutamil transpeptidaz, alkalen fosfataz, aspartat aminotransferaz/alaninaminotransferaz oranı, total ve direkt bilirubin, gamma-globulin, INR (International normalized ratio) ve alfa-fötoprotein düzeyleri anlamlı olarak yüksek, albumin ve protrombin aktivitesi anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu. Cinsiyet, hastalık süresi, viral yük, aspartat aminotransferaz, alanin aminotransferaz ve platelet düzeyi açısından ise anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Anahtar kelimeler: Karaciğer fibrozisi, YKL-40, TIMP-1In Trakya University Medicine Faculty Gastroenterohepatology department outpatient clinic, a total of 50 eligible cases were evaluated between January 2004 and December 2006 with a clinical finding of high liver enzyme levels for at least a 6 month period. Of these patients; 39 with hepatitis B, 10 with hepatitis C and one patient with dual infection by B and C who had undergone to liver biopsy according to which we classified them histopathologically in two groups. In group I; there were cases with mild fibrosis or no fibrosis, and there were patients with severe fibrosis in group II. With these groups, we tried to find out if there is a correlation between the serum levels of YKL-40 (Condrex) and TIMP-1 (Tissue ihibitor of matrix metalloproteinase) with the liver fibrosis severity in biopsies. Serum YKL-40 levels were found as 142.6 ± 77.5 ng/mL and 265.4 ± 65.9 ng/mL in group I and group II respectively. Also TIMP-1 was detected as 35.1 ± 3.7 ng/mL and 737.4 ± 63.7 ng/mL in group I and II respectively. With these results, YKL-40 and TIMP-1 serum levels were statistically significant in detecting severe liver fibrosis. When the threshold levels for YKL-40 were accepted as 182.25 ng/mL and 208.22 ng/mL and for TIMP-1 40 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity was highest in differentiating between the almost normal liver and the fibrotic liver. In our study, we also evaluated the biochemical values and any possible meaningful findings in liver fibrosis. In the severely fibrotic group, the mean age was significantly higher and biochemically GGT (Gamma Glutamyltransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) /ALT (alanine aminotransferase) ratio, total and direct bilurubin, gamma globulin, INR (International normalized ratio) and alpha-fetoprotein levels were significantly higher, albumin and prothrombin activity were significantly lower. Sex, disease duration, viral load, ALT, AST and platelet levels were not statistically significant. Key words: liver fibrosis, YKL-40, TIMP-
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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