1,721,202 research outputs found
MOVING DIAGNOSIS OF LIVER FIBROSIS INTO THE COMMUNITY
Full text link: Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are a leading cause of death worldwide, with alcohol consumption and metabolic risk factors as the two reasons accounting for the majority of cases of CLD in many developed countries. Currently there is a lack of specific strategies for early diagnosis of CLD and consequently most cases are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease, which is associated with negative consequences for disease management and prognosis. Screening for CLD is based on either detection of chronic viral hepatitis B and C, or detection of liver fibrosis in patients with steatotic liver disease related to alcohol or metabolic dysfunction. There are non-invasive tools available for detection of liver fibrosis, including serological and imaging-based tests. Clinical practice guidelines recommend screening for liver fibrosis using algorithms that combine different non-invasive tests, with widely available but low accuracy tests such as FIB-4 for a first screening step in primary care setting, and other tests with less availability but higher accuracy, such as Transient Elastography or Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Test as a second step. There are different pathways for early detection of patients with CLD from primary to specialized care, where primary care providers are key for early detection, management and referral of patients. In addition, intervention on metabolic risk factors and alcohol consumption should be carried out in collaboration between specialized therapy and primary care. This review describes liver fibrosis from the community perspective, highlighting gaps in knowledge on how to define the optimal combination of tests, target population, the ideal pathway of care for CLD, and how to increase implementation of programs for early diagnosis of liver diseases in clinical practice
Effect of antidiabetic drug classes on the risk of liver-related events in individuals with T2D and MASLD
No full textBackground: we investigated the use of type 2 diabetes (T2D) medications, including pioglitazone, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, in individuals with T2D and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and explored the effect of these medications on long-term risk of liver-related events (LREs) and progression of liver stiffness in a retrospective cohort study.Methods: we enrolled 7867 individuals with T2D and MASLD from 16 tertiary referral centers between February 2004 and January 2023. We recorded the use of pioglitazone, GLP-1RAs, and SGLT-2 inhibitors and analyzed the effects of these antihyperglycemic medications on the risk of developing incident LREs and the progression of liver stiffness over a median of 5.1 years of follow-up.Results: pioglitazone, GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors were prescribed to 1238 (15.7%), 863 (11.0%), and 2386 (30.3%) individuals with T2D and MASLD, respectively. A significant increase in the utilization of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors was observed from 2010–2017 to 2017–2023, with pioglitazone and SGLT-2 inhibitors being prescribed more frequently in Asian countries than in Western countries (pioglitazone: 17.9% vs 3.8%; SGLT-2 inhibitors: 34.4% vs 7.3%; P < .001). After propensity score matching, in competing risk models, SGLT-2 inhibitor use was significantly associated with a lower risk of developing both LREs (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.08–0.69, P = .009) and liver stiffness progression (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.35–0.86, P = .008) after adjusting for potential confounders.Conclusions: SGLT-2 inhibitor use is more prevalent among Asian than Western individuals. SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with a lower risk of LREs in individuals with T2D and MASLD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
