1,720,962 research outputs found
Classification societies and Directive 94/57/EC: time for rethinking the unlimited liability issue?
No full textFrom their inception, classification societies have served the shipping market in many ways, the best known of which is certainly the certification of the condition of seagoing vessels, mainly for insurance purposes. Within its traditional character, classification of ships was made against class rules developed by the societies themselves and based upon routine, annual and special surveys. Notwithstanding the weight of these certificates in the insurance market, they have never been considered to be conclusive evidence of the vessel’s seaworthiness (The Toledo [1995] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 40 ) but rather as supporting evidence to the owner’s due diligence in providing a seaworthy ship under the Hague and Hague-Visby Rule
Classification societies, the Erika III package and the unlimited liability issue: "perspectives" at all?
No full textAir launched platforms - a new approach for underwater vehicles
No full textThe economics of expediting wide area, synoptic surveys of the oceans often limit the extent and frequency of such work. The concept of Air Launched Platforms addresses the question of how to carry out this work more effectively using small and affordable submersible autonomous vehicles launched from fixed or rotary wing aircraft. With relatively recent developments of mass market GPS receivers, processors, attitude sensors and micro machines, there is the possibility developing new platforms and methods to carry out wide area survey work in a very different way
Impacts of atmospheric modes of variability on Mediterranean Sea surface heat exchange
No full textThe impacts of variations in the state of the first four modes of atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic/Europe region on air-sea heat exchange in the Mediterranean Sea are considered. Observation-based indices of these modes from the NOAA Climate Prediction Centre are used together with two reanalysis (NCEP/NCAR and ARPERA) surface flux data sets for the period 1958–2006 to determine their relative influence on the mean heat budget of the full Mediterranean basin and the eastern and western subbasins. The modes considered are the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), East Atlantic pattern (EA), Scandinavian pattern (SCAN), and East Atlantic/West Russian pattern (EA/WR). Similar results are obtained with both NCEP/NCAR and ARPERA. In each case, winter anomalies dominate the annual mean heat budget and the leading mode, the NAO, has a surprisingly small impact on the full basin winter mean heat budget, <5 Wm?2. In contrast, the EA mode has a major effect, of order 25 Wm?2, with similar impacts on both the eastern and western Mediterranean. The SCAN mode has the weakest influence of those considered. The EA/WR mode plays a significant role but, in contrast to the EA mode, it generates a dipole in the heat exchange with an approximately equal and opposite signal of about 15 Wm?2 on the eastern and western subbasins. A particularly strong impact in the Aegean Sea is observed for the EA/WR mode and this is discussed in the context of episodic deep water formation in this region
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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