1,721,437 research outputs found
Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology:Introduction to the Yokohama Classification
No full textPalpable breast lumps or non-palpable, imaging detected breast lesions require tissue sampling for diagnosis. Current practice recommendations include fine needle aspiration cytology or core needle biopsy samples as a method to obtain those samples. Correlation with clinical and radiographic features is essential to determine the appropriate therapeutic plan for the patient. Based on practice patterns and institutional preference, breast cytology is frequently used as a minimally invasive, fast, and cost-effective method. The Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology represents a contemporary guide to diagnosis of breast fine needle aspiration cytology with diagnostic criteria, risk-of-malignancy assessment, and management recommendations. The diagnostic categories consist of insufficient, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant breast cytology samples. Risk-of-malignancy data from literature and studies is included
Wearable Electrocardiogram Sensors for Home Monitoring of Cardiovascular Diseases
No full textWearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors represent a transformative advancement for home-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) monitoring. Traditional in-hospital 12-lead ECG systems, whilst comprehensive, are limited by their need for trained operators, cumbersome setup, and patient immobility, making them impractical for long-term, continuous use. Novel wearable ECG technologies, including wrist-worn monitors, textile-based sensors, and patch-based devices, have emerged to facilitate unobtrusive, real-time monitoring. These devices enhance user comfort, encourage consistent usage, and enable data collection under natural daily conditions. Despite these advancements, wearable ECGs must overcome issues related to motion artefacts, data accuracy, and user comfort during prolonged use. Future research is warranted on integrating artificial intelligence and strengthening security measures to enhance diagnostics, device reliability, and seamless healthcare integration
Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Diagnosing Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
No full textCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a term that relates to a large number of pathological changes in the microvessels of the brain. With advances in technology in terms of hardware, imaging processing algorithms, and data science, new biomarkers associated with CSVD have been extracted from neuroimaging data. This chapter provides an overview of neuroimaging modalities for CSVD, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion MRI, iron imaging, myelin imaging, cerebrovascular reactivity imaging, and vessel wall imaging. It also discusses existing and emerging or novel biomarkers from the different investigation modalities. We evaluate the diagnostic values of these neuroimaging biomarkers from a clinical perspective and summarize the limitations as well as future directions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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