73 research outputs found
The history of the creation and publication of the first complete translation of the Elder Edda: To the 140th anniversary of the birth of S. A. Sviridova (Sviridenko)
No full textThe article deals with the main works of the poet and translator Sofya Alexandrovna
Sviridova (1882 — not earlier than 1928, pseudonyms S. Sviridenko, G. Sviridova),
first of all, the history of the creation and first publication of the first complete
translation into Russian of the Elder Edda (1910, 1st volume published in 1917), in a
manuscript awarded the Academic Prize of M. N. Akhmatov. Archival materials found
by the author of the publication shed light on some episodes from Sviridova’s biography,
including the years of her studies at the St Petersburg Higher Women’s (Bestuzhev)
Courses. The article deals with the episodes that influenced the life and creative destiny
of Sophia Sviridova, such as, for example, acquaintance with Professor F. A. Brown, who
became her teacher and then chief reviewer, collaborated with A. Blok, who systematically
gave the translator a job at the “World Literature” publishing house. Particular
attention is paid to the description of the second volume of the complete translation
of the Old Norse epic Elder Edda, which to this day remains in the manuscript and
is stored in the archive of the publisher M. V. Sabashnikov. This study can serve as a
theoretical basis for the publication of the second volume of the translation of the Elder
Edda by S. Sviridenko (Sviridova), or the publication of the entire work in one book —
this is exactly how it seemed logical and correct to the translator herself. Hopefully
some other works from the rich literary heritage of S. A. Sviridova will be published in
the future
Critical analysis and comment (News Performance)
No full textField of application/theoretical foundation:
Studies of critical analysis and comment are theoretically linked to news performance and the watchdog function of the media (Donsbach, 1995; McQuail, 1992). This construct is related to the normative expectation that the news media should critically analyze and comment on cases of abuse of power, incompetence, failures and grievances in government institutions, non-profit organizations, or the private sector (Downie & Schudson, 2009).
References/combination with other methods of data collection:
The analysis of critical reporting and comment is complex and requires an understanding of the context and the references made by the journalist. Furthermore, it is empirically demanding to distinguish between critical reporting in the sense of the watchdog function and criticism in the sense of negativity or sensationalism (Humprecht, 2016). Due to this complexity, automated approaches have hardly been employed so far.
Example studies:
Benson (2010); Humprecht (2016)
Table 1. Study summaries
Author(s)
Sample
Unit of Analysis
Values
Reliability
Benson (2010)
Content type: immigration news coverage (all articles focused on broad immigration trends, policy making and politics, or individual immigrants)
Outlet/ country: 14 newspapers from two countries (FR, US)
Sampling period: 1991/1994; 2002/2004; 2006)
Sample size: N= 1088
Unit of analysis: critical statements in news articles (from sources/ journalists)
Critical statements are classified according to their target, substantive focus, and sources
Target (government; dominant left parties; dominant right parties; minor political parties; civil society organizations; business; foreign or international organizations)
Focus (administrative, character, truth, ideology, policy, and strategy)
Administrative criticism (e.g., corruption, incompetence, mismanagement)
Truth criticism (e.g., evidence to demonstrate the falsity of claims)
Character criticisms (e.g., attacks on personal characteristics of powerful individuals in public life)
Policy criticism (e.g., logical coherence, feasibility, empirical justification, evidence supporting any pro- posed policy)
Ideology criticism (e.g., criticisms of fascism, racism, sexism, other worldviews)
Strategy criticisms (negative assessments of effectiveness of a particular idea/ action; normative criticisms of political strategies)
Holsti M = 0.85
Humprecht (2016)
Content type: Political routine-period online news
Outlet/ country: 48 online news outlets from six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, US)
Sampling period: June – July 2012
Sample size: N = 1660
Unit of analysis: Political news items (make reference to a political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution in headline, sub?headline, in first paragraph or in an accompanying visual)
Story shows critical perspective towards authorities/power holders
Story raises probing questions at actors responsible for a problem
Story discovers new, previously unknown information about a problem of social/political relevance; story may unveil a ‘scandal’
Cohen’s kappa:
critical perspective = 0.74
probing questions = 0.67
unveiling scandals = 0.81
References
Benson, R. (2010). What Makes for a Critical Press? A Case Study of French and U.S. Immigration News Coverage. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 15(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161209349346
Donsbach, W. (1995). Lapdogs, Watchdogs and Junkyard Dogs. Media Studies Journal, Fall 1995, 17–30.
Downie, L., & Schudson, M. (2009). The Reconstruction of American Journalism.
Humprecht, E. (2016). Shaping Online News Performance. In Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56668-3
McQuail, D. (1992). Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest. Sage Publications
Actor diversity (News Performance)
No full textField of application/theoretical foundation:
Analyses of actor diversity are theoretically linked to news performance and the democratic media function of integration (Imhof, 2010). This construct is related to the normative assumption that news content should represent society as a whole and thus cover a large variety of societal groups (Boydstun et al., 2014). More recent studies also focus on the influence of algorithms on news diversity (Möller et al., 2018).
Analyses are often carried out in three steps. First, all actors are (inductively or deductively) identified. Second, actors are coded according to predefined lists. Third, the level of diversity is determined using diversity indices (van Cuilenburg, 2007). Diversity indices are calculated at article level (internal diversity) or at the organizational level (external diversity) to compare diversity between news articles of a single outlet or between different news outlets.
References/combination with other methods of data collection:
Studies on actor diversity use both manual and automated content analysis to investigate the occurrence of actors and in texts. They use inductive or deductive approaches and/or a combination of both to identify actor categories and extend predefined lists of actors (van Hoof et al., 2014).
Example studies:
Masini et al. (2018); Humprecht & Esser (2018)
Table 1. Summary of studies on actor diversity
Author(s)
Sample
Unit of Analysis
Values
Reliability
Masini et al. (2018)
Content type: news about immigration
Outlet/ country: 2 news outlets in four countries (BE, DE, IT, UK)
Sampling period: January 2013 to April 2014
Sample size: N=2490)
Unit of analysis: news article
No. of actors coded: max. 10 quoted or paraphrased actors per article
Level of analysis: article and news outlet level
Diversity measure: Simpson’s diversity index
National politics, international politics, public opinion and ordinary people, immigrants, civil society, public agencies/ organizations, judiciary/police/military, religion, business/corporate/finance, journalists/ media celebrities, traffickers/smugglers
Krippendorff’s alpha average ≥0.78
Humprecht & Esser (2018)
Content type: Political routine-period news
Outlet/ country: 48 online news outlets from six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, US)
Sampling period: June – July 2012
Sample size: N= 1660
Unit of analysis: Political news items (make reference to a political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution in headline, sub?headline, in first paragraph or in an accompanying visual)
News items are all journalistic articles mentioned on the front page (‘first layer’ of the website) that are linked to the actual story (on second layer of website)
No. of actors coded: Max. 5 main actors (mentioned twice) per news item measured
Level of analysis: news outlet level
Diversity measure: relative entropy
Executive (head of state and national government), legislative (national parliament and national parties), judicial (national courts and judges), national administration (prosecution, regional government authority, and police or army), foreign politicians (foreign heads of state and other foreign politicians), and international organizations (supranational and international organizations)
Cohen’s kappa average ≥0.76
References
Boydstun, A. E., Bevan, S., & Thomas, H. F. (2014). The importance of attention diversity and how to measure it. Policy Studies Journal, 42(2), 173–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12055
Humprecht, E., & Esser, F. (2018). Diversity in Online News: On the importance of ownership types and media system types. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1825–1847. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1308229
Imhof, K. (2010). Die Qualität der Medien in der Demokratie. In fög – Forschungsbereich Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft (Ed.), Jahrbuch 2010: Qualität der Medien Qualität der Medien (pp. 11–20). Schwabe. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97101-2_1
Masini, A., Van Aelst, P., Zerback, T., Reinemann, C., Mancini, P., Mazzoni, M., Damiani, M., & Coen, S. (2018). Measuring and Explaining the Diversity of Voices and Viewpoints in the News: A comparative study on the determinants of content diversity of immigration news. Journalism Studies, 19(15), 2324–2343. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1343650
Möller, J., Trilling, D., Helberger, N., & van Es, B. (2018). Do not blame it on the algorithm: an empirical assessment of multiple recommender systems and their impact on content diversity. Information Communication and Society, 21(7), 959–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1444076
van Cuilenburg, J. (2007). Media Diversity, Competition and Concentration: Concepts and Theories. In E. de Bens (Ed.), Media Between Culture and Commerce (pp. 25–54). Intellect.
van Hoof, A., Jacobi, C., Ruigrok, N., & van Atteveldt, W. (2014). Diverse politics, diverse news coverage? A longitudinal study of diversity in Dutch political news during two decades of election campaigns. European Journal of Communication, 29(6), 668–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/026732311454571
Family altruism and incentives
No full textThe author builds on the altruistic model of the family, to explore the strategic interaction between altruistic parents, and selfish children, when children's efforts are endogenous. If there is uncertainty about the amount of income the children will realize, and if parents have imperfect information, the children have an incentive to exert little effort, and to rely on their parent's altruistically motivated transfers. Because of this, parents face a tradeoff between the insurance that bequests implicitly provide their children, and the disincentive to work prompted by their altruism. The author shows that if parents can credibly commit to a pattern of transfers, they will choose not to compensate children in bad outcomes, as much as predicted by the standard (no uncertainty, no asymmetric information) dynastic model of the family. Alternatively, parents may choose to forgo any insurance, and offer a fixed level of bequest, to elicit greater effort from their children. The optimal transfers structure that the author derives, reconciles the predictions of the altruistic family model, with much of the existing evidence on inter-generational transfers, which suggests that parents compensate only partially, or not at all, for earnings differentials among their children. Moreover, the author shows that Ricardian equivalence holds in this setup, except when non-negativity constraints are binding.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Educational Sciences,Safety Nets and Transfers
Strategies for the determination of cefazolin in plasma and microdialysis samples by short‐end capillary zone electrophoresis
No full textDoes corruption relieve foreign investors of the burden of taxes and capital controls?
No full textIn a sample of fourteen source countries making bilateral investments in forty five countries, the author finds that taxes, capital controls, and corruption, all have large, statistically significant negative effects on foreign investment. Moreover, there is no robust support in the data for the"efficient grease"hypothesis - that corruption helps attract foreign investment by reducing firms'tax burden and the irritant of capital controls.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Capital Markets and Capital Flows,Decentralization,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,Economic Theory&Research,Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Governance Indicators,National Governance,Capital Flows
Different ventilation intensities among various categories of patients ventilated for reasons other than ARDS––A pooled analysis of 4 observational studies
No full textPurpose: We investigated driving pressure (Delta P) and mechanical power (MP) and associations with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients ventilated for reasons other than ARDS. Materials and methods: Individual patient data analysis of a pooled database that included patients from four observational studies of ventilation. Delta P and MP were compared among invasively ventilated non-ARDS patients with sepsis, with pneumonia, and not having sepsis or pneumonia. The primary endpoint was Delta P; secondary endpoints included MP, ICU mortality and length of stay, and duration of ventilation. Results: This analysis included 372 (11%) sepsis patients, 944 (28%) pneumonia patients, and 2040 (61%) patients ventilated for any other reason. On day 1, median Delta P was higher in sepsis (14 [11-18] cmH(2)O) and pneumonia patients (14 [11-18]cmH(2)O), as compared to patients not having sepsis or pneumonia (13 [10-16] cmH(2)O) (P < 0.001). Median MP was also higher in sepsis and pneumonia patients. Delta P, as opposed to MP, was associated with ICU mortality in sepsis and pneumonia patients. Conclusions: The intensity of ventilation differed between patients with sepsis or pneumonia and patients receiving ventilation for any other reason; Delta P was associated with higher mortality in sepsis and pneumonia patients
House of Textiles, Beirut: Flagship Experience Center
No full textThe project 'House of Textiles' investigates the extent to which an architectural intervention is capable of giving hope, inspiration and encouraging innovation to a challenged place like Beirut. The project explores different ways of representing these assets through its architectural language and expression. Its significance for Lebanon’s textile production, the country’s waste crisis, as well as social and economic prospects is asking for an iconic landmark, which represents the building’s identity. The formulation of these aspects in an architectural way is explored through spatial concepts that support their requirements. Strong visibility, accessibility, representation and adaptability are being tested in different layers. These aspects form the most important ingredients of the project. The question of how a building can represent the same level of innovation and development, as the proposed change in Lebanon’s textile industry has been guiding the design process.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Complex Project
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