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Perbandingan pengaturan hukum Gratifikasi pada Aparatur Sipil Negara antara Indonesia dan Singapura perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah
Get PDFINDONESIA:
Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan pengaturan hukum gratifikasi terhadap Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) di Indonesia dan Singapura dengan menggunakan perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari masih tingginya praktik gratifikasi di Indonesia meskipun telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kelemahan baik pada aspek normatif, kelembagaan, maupun efektivitas penegakan hukum. Sebaliknya, Singapura dikenal sebagai negara dengan tingkat korupsi yang rendah melalui sistem regulasi yang tegas dan lembaga antikorupsi yang terpusat, yaitu Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB).
Fokus penelitian ini diarahkan pada tiga permasalahan utama, yaitu: perbandingan pengaturan hukum gratifikasi pada ASN di Indonesia dan Singapura, perumusan rekomendasi pengaturan hukum gratifikasi yang lebih efektif bagi Indonesia, serta analisis kesesuaian rekomendasi tersebut dengan prinsip-prinsip Siyasah Dusturiyah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model pengaturan gratifikasi yang mampu meningkatkan integritas ASN sekaligus menjamin kepastian hukum dan kemaslahatan publik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, doktrin para ahli, serta regulasi terkait di Indonesia dan Singapura. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif-deskriptif untuk mengkaji perbedaan struktur kelembagaan, substansi norma, dan mekanisme penegakan hukum.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Singapura memiliki sistem pengaturan gratifikasi yang lebih sederhana, tegas, dan efektif melalui konsolidasi kewenangan pada satu lembaga independen, sedangkan Indonesia masih menghadapi tumpang tindih kewenangan antara Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, dan KPK. Dalam perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah, pengaturan gratifikasi idealnya berlandaskan nilai keadilan (al-‘adl), amanah, transparansi, dan kemaslahatan umum. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan kelembagaan, penyempurnaan norma hukum yang lebih operasional, serta penguatan moral dan integritas ASN guna mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang bersih dan berkeadilan.
ENGLISH:
This study examines the comparative regulation of gratuities for civil servants in Indonesia and Singapore from the perspective of Siyasah Dusturiyyah. The research is motivated by the persistent practice of gratuities among Indonesian civil servants despite the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2001 on the Eradication of Corruption. This condition reflects weaknesses in legal substance, institutional structure, and law enforcement effectiveness. In contrast, Singapore is widely recognized for its low level of corruption, supported by strict regulations and a centralized anti-corruption body, namely the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB).
The study focuses on three main issues: a comparison of gratuity regulations in Indonesia and Singapore, the formulation of appropriate regulatory recommendations for Indonesia, and an analysis of these recommendations based on the principles of Siyasah Dusturiyyah. The research aims to identify a regulatory framework capable of strengthening civil servant integrity while ensuring legal certainty and public welfare.This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Data are collected through library research, including legislation, legal doctrines, scholarly literature, and relevant regulations from both countries. The analysis is conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach to examine differences in institutional arrangements, legal norms, and enforcement mechanisms.
The findings indicate that Singapore’s gratuity regulation is more effective due to the consolidation of authority within a single independent institution, whereas Indonesia continues to experience overlapping authority among the Police, the Attorney General’s Office, and the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). From the perspective of Siyasah Dusturiyyah, gratuity regulation should be grounded in justice, trustworthiness (amanah), transparency, and public interest. This study recommends institutional consolidation, refinement of legal norms, and reinforcement of ethical and moral values among civil servants to promote clean and accountable governance.
ARABIC:
تتناول هذه الدراسة المقارنة تنظيم الهدايا (Gratification) لدى موظفي الدولة في إندونيسيا وسنغافورة من منظور السياسة الدستورية سِيَاسَة دُسْتُورِيَّة تنطلق الدراسة من واقع استمرار انتشار ممارسات الهدايا غير المشروعة في إندونيسيا، على الرغم من صدور القانون رقم 20 لسنة 2001 بشأن مكافحة الفساد، مما يدل على وجود ضعف في البناء القانوني، والهيكل المؤسسي، وفعالية إنفاذ القانون. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، تُعدّ سنغافورة من الدول ذات المستوى المنخفض للفساد بفضل تنظيم قانوني صارم وهيئة مركزية مستقلة لمكافحة الفساد تُعرف بمكتب التحقيق في ممارسات الفساد (CPIB).
تركّز الدراسة على ثلاث قضايا رئيسية، وهي: مقارنة الإطار القانوني لتنظيم الهدايا لدى موظفي الدولة في إندونيسيا وسنغافورة، وصياغة توصيات مناسبة لإصلاح تنظيم الهدايا في إندونيسيا، وتحليل مدى توافق هذه التوصيات مع مبادئ السياسة الدستورية. وتهدف الدراسة إلى إيجاد نموذج تنظيمي يضمن نزاهة موظفي الدولة، ويحقق العدالة، ويوفر اليقين القانوني، ويعزز المصلحة العامة. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج القانوني المعياري من خلال المقاربة التشريعية، والمفهومية، والمقارنة، مع الاعتماد على الدراسة المكتبية لمصادر القانون، والأنظمة التشريعية، وآراء الفقهاء القانونيين في كلا البلدين. وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للكشف عن الفروق في الهياكل المؤسسية، ومضمون النصوص القانونية، وآليات إنفاذ القانون.
وتخلص الدراسة إلى أن سنغافورة نجحت في تنظيم الهدايا بفعالية من خلال توحيد الصلاحيات في هيئة مستقلة واحدة، في حين لا تزال إندونيسيا تعاني من تداخل الصلاحيات بين الشرطة، والنيابة العامة، وهيئة مكافحة الفساد. ومن منظور السياسة الدستورية، ينبغي أن يستند تنظيم الهدايا إلى مبادئ العدل، والأمانة، والشفافية، وتحقيق المصلحة العامة. وتوصي الدراسة بتعزيز البناء المؤسسي، وتطوير النصوص القانونية لتكون أكثر وضوحًا ومرونة، وتقوية القيم الأخلاقية والنزاهة لدى موظفي الدولة، بما يسهم في تحقيق حوكمة رشيدة وإدارة عامة نظيفة
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No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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