1,721,032 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The Modern Day Heracles: Patient-derived Liver Organoids to Model Rare Pediatric Liver Diseases
No full textRare pediatric liver disorders can be very destructive to the lives of patients and their families. Often, therapeutic options are limited to symptomatic care and precise disease mechanisms remain elusive. The relatively low incidence of each individual disease and the often widespread geographic distribution of patients complicate research and treatment development. In this thesis, we have investigated the potential of patient-derived liver organoids to study such rare pediatric liver diseases. We characterized intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) from several monogenic liver disorders and showed that organoids express affected proteins of diseases such as cystic fibrosis, Wilson disease and methylmalonic acidemia. We uncovered that ICOs possess a hybrid phenotype, combining hepatocyte and cholangiocyte characteristics. This led us to investigate whether patient-derived liver organoids would be interesting to study the rare perinatal disease biliary atresia (BA), in which the hepatobiliary tree is occluded and becomes fibrotic. We found that organoids from different hepatobiliary regions (intrahepatic, extrahepatic and gallbladder) of BA patients can be cultured and biobanked. Further characterization showed that BA patient organoids display BA specific growth behavior and increased sensitivity to viral infections. While we showed that various hepatocyte and cholangiocyte functions can be studied in liver organoids, our data also indicated that several hepatocyte functions are currently limited in this in vitro system. Therefore, we devised a novel culture strategy to increase hepatic maturation in liver organoids. We found that hepatic functions, such as drug metabolism, improve when liver organoid cells are cultured on hollow fiber membranes coated with extracellular matrix proteins of the hepatic niche. Moreover, we demonstrated that hepatic transepithelial transporter defects such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 can be studied in patient-derived liver organoids.
In summary, we have demonstrated that patient-derived liver organoids are a useful tool to study various rare liver and metabolic disorders affecting the hepatobiliary tract. Several diseases such as BA, cystic fibrosis, Wilson disease, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 and methylmalonic acidemia can currently be studied with ICOs. Although ICOs were previously praised as a new break-through hepatocyte model, we have shown that organoids from all hepatobiliary regions are at least equally useful for researching cholangiopathies, such as BA. The development of new technologies, such as organ chips and co-culture strategies, are exciting not only to study the disease mechanisms of rare diseases but also to improve the hepatic maturity of ICOs. Applying the myriad of culture improvement strategies to ICOs will likely produce a fantastic patient-derived hepatocyte model. We have taken the first steps toward improving hepatic maturation of ICOs and in doing so have demonstrated that the ICO application range can be broadened to facilitate the study of (cholestatic) disease mechanisms. Similarly, we anticipate that these improvements in hepatic maturation of ICOs will aid in the development of safe therapeutics for (rare) liver diseases in a personalized manner in the future
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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