1,720,957 research outputs found
Incommensurability and Conflict. A response to Anna Jedynak Remarks
No full textThe aim of the paper is to distinguish and explain some imprecise expressions indicated by prof. Anna Jedynak. Moreover the paper is focused on the fundamental disagreement between the author and his critic, which is the meaning of the term "incommensurability"
Towards the Epistemology of Cognitive Artifacts
No full textTekst uzasadnia potrzebę filozoficznej refleksji dotyczącej używanego w nurcie poznania usytuowanego pojęcia artefaktu poznawczego. Artykuł wytycza obszar projektowanej epistemologii artefaktów poznawczych oraz diagnozuje problemy związane z powszechnie stosowanymi sposobami konceptualizacji artefaktów poznawczych. Analiza założeń milcząco przyjmowanych w badaniach nad artefaktami pozwala zdiagnozować problem reifikacji artefaktów poznawczych oraz problemy związane ze stosowaniem modelu wzmocnienia przy opisie relacji między narzędziem a użytkownikiem. Ponadto, tekst przedstawia problem artefaktów niereprezentujących oraz wyróżnia, dotychczas niedostrzeganą, klasę artefaktów metapoznawczych.The paper aims to justify the need for a philosophical reflection concerning the concept of cognitive artifact, as it is used in situated cognition, and, first of all, for conceptualize and defining them. I tentatively call this area “the epistemology of cognitive artifacts”. The paper forms the problem of reification of the cognitive artifacts and the problem of amplification in describing the cognitive impact of the artifacts. Additionally, the article discusses the issue of nonrepresentational artifacts and singles out a new class of artifacts which I call metacognitive artifacts
Writing as a Tool for Objectification Language and Cognition
No full textArtykuł odpowiada na pytanie, w jaki sposób pismo, dzięki procesowi obiektywizacji języka, przyczynia
się do obiektywizacji znaczeń. Proces ten opisany zostanie na przykładzie antropologii słowa E. Havelocka
i psychologii piśmienności D. Olsona. Przedstawione funkcje pisma w wyłonieniu się świadomości metajęzykowej
i ukonstytuowaniu relacji poznawczej wskazują, że nie każdy rodzaj zewnętrznych reprezentacji, jak sugeruje
Wittgenstein, jest równie użyteczny w procesie obiektywizacji znaczeń.The paper answers the question, how writing, in virtue of the process of language objectifi cation,
contributes to objectifi cation of meaning. This processes are described by appealing to E. Havelock’s anthropology
of the word and by D. Olson’s psychology of literacy. Writing contributes to metaliguistic awareness and constitute
epistemic relation. This suggest that not every kind of external representations is equally suited to contribute to
the process of objectifi cation of meaning
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Incommensurability vs Linguistic Relativity
No full textThe study poses the question about the consequences of incommensurability for the problem of linguistic relativity. One can reasonably argue that if two languages are incommensurable, contradiction cannot exist between the judgments formulated inside them. Therefore it is possible to compile linguistic worldviews of two incommensurable languages into one coherent cognitive perspective. The latter view is called into question; hence the article examines the problem of relation between linguistically determined incommensurable worldviews. In order to analyze the issue there are distinguished three dimensions of incommensurability: linguistic incommensurability, incommensurability of experience and ontological incommensurability. Conclusion excludes possibility of compilation of two ontologically incommensurable into one coherent cognitive perspective
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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