1,354,290 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Prise en charge et évolution de la dilatation ventriculaire post-hémorragique chez les grands prématurés entre 2006 et 2021 : une étude rétrospective au CHUV
No full textIntroduction : L'hémorragie intraventriculaire (HIV) de grade sévère, qui affecte près de 10% des nouveau- nés très prématurés (VPT), présente un risque notable de complications graves, notamment le développement d'une hydrocéphalie post-hémorragique. Le traitement actuel recommandé de cette complication (selon l’étude ELVIS de 2016) comporte des ponctions lombaires précoces ainsi qu’un drainage chirurgical de l’hydrocéphalie si persistance de celle-ci. Selon cette étude, l’intervention plus précoce permet une diminution de la morbidité neurologique en lien avec l’hydrocéphalie post- hémorragique à court et long terme.
Buts et objectifs : Cette étude a pour objectif de décrire la prévalence, la prise en charge médico- chirurgicale et l’évolution neurodéveloppementale des enfants très prématurés avec une HIV de grade III ou de grade III et IV et hydrocéphalie post-hémorragique nés ou admis au CHUV entre 2006 et 2011.
Matériels et méthodes : Pour cette étude rétrospective observationnelle (avec accord de la commission d’éthique), nous avons sélectionné les enfants nés à moins de 32 semaines d’âge gestationnel avec une HIV de grade III (dilatation ventriculaire ou plus de 50% du ventricule rempli de sang) ou de grade III et IV (hémorragie intra-parenchymateuse) et qui ont survécu plus d’une semaine. Les critères d’exclusion sont les HIV de grade IV isolées et les décès à moins d’une semaine de vie. Les données ont été collectées depuis les dossiers de patients sur les logiciels Soarian, Archimède, Vuemotion et Cigas, puis anonymisées et analysées statistiquement. Les enfants ont été comparés en deux groupes, selon la présence ou non d’une intervention de type drainage (ponction lombaire (PL) et/ou drain chirurgical) (groupes : INT versus NON-INT). La mesure de l’index ventriculaire (VI) a été faite selon le diagramme de Levene référencé avec un seuil haut (high threshold, >P97+4mm) ou bas (low threshold, >P97). L’évaluation du neurodéveloppement a été faite en récoltant les scores de Griffiths et de Bayley II et III à 18 mois d’âge corrigé (MDI : mental developmental index et PDI : psychomotor developmental index).
Résultats : 1830 VPT de 24 à 32 semaines ont été admis durant cette période. n=137 ont présenté une HIV III/IV (7.5%), n=87 ont été exclus ( décès P97 (low threshold), tandis que chez 7 patients à VI >P97+4mm (high threshold). Dans le groupe INT, 87% ont atteint un score MDI > 70 et 64% un PDI >70 à 18 mois d'âge corrigé. Dans le groupe NON-INT, 86% ont obtenu un score >70 pour MDI et 75% > 70 pour PDI.
Conclusions Nos résultats sont comparables avec les données publiées en termes de facteurs de risque, de prévalence et de complications. Les patients ont été traités avec des PL précoces versus tardives, avec une tendance à l’utilisation plus fréquente de low threshold, à la suite de la publication de l’étude ELVIS en 2016. Le taux de ponction lombaire par patient a également augmenté au cours des dernières années. L’évolution neurodéveloppementale indique que la majorité des patients présentent un bon score MDI et PDI, avec un plus grand taux de bas PDI et MDI dans le groupe INT comparé au groupe NON-INT, sans différence statistiquement significative. L’évolution neurodéveloppementale sur le long terme (3.5 et 5 ans) doit encore être explorée
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Impact of Early Nutritional Intake on Preterm Brain: a Magnetic Résonance Imaging Study
No full textInvestigateurs : Lydie Beauport, Juliane Schneider, Mohamed Faouzi, Patric Hagmann, Petra Hüppi, Jean-François Tolsa, Anita C Truttmann, Céline J Fischer Fumeaux
Contexte : Plusieurs études ont montré un bénéfice de l’optimisation du soutien nutritionnel précoce sur le développement neurologique et cognitif des enfants nés prématurément. Cependant l’impact de la nutrition sur la maturation et les lésions cérébrales reste peu compris.
Objectifs: Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’impact des apports nutritionnels, lipidiques et énergétiques pendant les 14 premiers jours de vie sur le développement cérébral évalué par IRM cérébrale à l’âge du terme chez des nouveau-nés grand prématurés.
Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude ancillaire d’une cohorte prospective (1) incluant des prématurés de 75ème percentile). L’association entre les apports nutritionnels et le degré de sévérité du score IRM était analysée par régression uni-et multivariée.
Résultats : 42 patients avec un âge gestationnel médian [Q1, Q3] de 27.4 [26.4-28.4] semaines et un poids de naissance médian de 890 g [763-1045] ont été inclus. La médiane du score IRM était à 4 et le 75ème percentile à 6, séparant le groupe 1 avec un score normal ou légèrement anormal (score 0-5, n= 27), du groupe 2 présentant un score modérément à sévèrement anormal (score 6-12, n=15). En analyse univariée, le sepsis, le CRIB score et les apports nutritionnels faibles étaient significativement associés à un risque plus élevé d’avoir un score IRM ≥ 6 (OR [95%CI] énergie : 0.99 [0.99-0.99], lipides : 0.89 [0.83-0.97], hydrates de carbone : 0.95 [0.91-0.99]). Dans des modèles bivariés, après ajustements pour le sepsis, le CRIB score, l’âge gestationnel, les stéroïdes postnataux et la dysplasie bronchopulmonaire, l’association avec les apports énergétiques et lipidiques totaux restait significative. L’association était plus forte pour la composante de la substance grise du score IRM.
Conclusions : Cette étude montre que des apports énergétiques et lipidiques plus élevés durant les 2 premières semaines de vie sont associés à un risque plus faible de lésions et de troubles de maturation cérébraux à terme corrigé chez les nouveau-nés grands prématurés. Optimiser la nutrition durant cette période vulnérable pourrait même réduire l’impact négatif de certains facteurs comme le sepsis. L’impact sur le devenir neuro-développemental à long terme doit cependant encore être confirmé
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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