1,721,071 research outputs found
Standards and Agricultural Trade in Asia
Get PDFThe markets for agri-food products are changing at a pace that is unparalleled in modern history. Markets are increasingly open and increasingly homogenized toward international tastes and requirements for levels of quality, packaging, safety, and even process attributes such as socially or environmentally friendly methods. New distribution channels, dominated by larger firms including supermarket retailers, are imposing high performance demands on their value chains. In order to respond to these increasing demands, developing countries are facing an inexorable shift toward more industrialized models of farming systems. This shift presents new challenges for small and medium farmers’ access to markets and their ability to compete. The question for many countries—and not just developing countries—is what options are there for small farmers, which still comprise the great majority of the world's agricultural producers?value chain; supply chain; commodity; agriculture
The Present Status of Using Written Hmong Language in the Hmong Community in the Northwest Region of Vietnam - Case Study in Sơn La and Lai Châu Provinces
No full textWriting system is an important part of a certain language. When a language has its own writing system and is widely used, it is apparent that the language will have a strong position and vitality. Hmong language is a mother tongue of Hmong people, an ethnic minority that are now residing in many parts all over the world and mainly in the northwest region (Tây Bắc) of Vietnam. Unlike many other languages which have only one writing system, Hmong has many different scripts that are being used at a time. Therefore, understanding how Hmong people use their written language is an intriguing topic to help demystify their language usage and furthermore, understand their spiritual life. From our practical fieldwork, in this paper we focus on the discussion of the current status of using written Hmong in its community in the northwest region of Vietnam
On the Representative Volume Element of Dense Granular Assemblies Made of 2D Circular Particles
No full textDesign optimization techniques for RF CMOS low noise amplifier
No full text학위논문(석사) - 한국정보통신대학원대학교 : 공학부, 2004, [ v, 62 p. ]This thesis reviews and analyzes four reported low noise amplifier (LNA) design techniques applied to the cascode topology based on CMOS technology: classical noise matching (CNM), simultaneous noise and input matching (SNIM), power-constrained noise optimization (PCNO), and power-constrained simultaneous noise and input matching (PCSNIM) techniques. Very simple and insightful sets of noise parameter expressions are newly introduced for the SNIM and PCSNIM techniques. Based on the noise parameter equations, this work provides clear understanding of the design principles, the fundamental limitations, and the advantages of the four reported LNA design techniques so that the designers can get the overall LNA design perspective. As a demonstration for the proposed design principle of the PCSNIM technique, a very low power folded-cascode LNA is implemented based on 0.25 \mum CMOS technology for 900 MHz applications. Measurement results show the noise figure of 1.35 dB, power gain of 12 dB, and IIP3 of -4 dBm while dissipating 1.6 mA from 1.25 V supply (0.7 mA for the input NMOS transistor only). The overall behavior of the implemented LNA shows good agreement with theoretical predictions.
The most commonly used receiver architecture is the superheterodyne. However, in a monolithic implementation, image cancellation is difficult due to the limitation of on-chip filter. The use of image rejection architecture alleviates this problem to some extent. To augment the amount of image rejection beyond what is practically achieved by the image rejection architecture, a tracking notch filter is integrated with the low noise amplifier. The proposed IR-LNA is optimized for 5.25 GHz WLAN with IF frequency of 500 MHz applications. The measurement results show power gain of 20.5 dB, lower than 1.5 dB NF, and image rejection of 26 dB, Two-tone test results indicate -5 dBm and -8 dBm of IIP3 for the case of using and not using the notch filter, respectively. The circuit operates...한국정보통신대학원대학교 : 공학부
Effect of heat transfer correlation on wet cylinder liner temperature distribution when converting an old engine into a turbocharged engine
No full textFor conventional diesel engines, two of the most widely used global correlations are due to Woschni and Hohenberg. Besides, the modern diesel engines used a new heat transfer coefficient correlation was proposed by Finol and Robinson. In Vietnam, improving engine power density is a trend of improving non-turbocharged base engines by using a supercharging system with exhaust gas energy recovery. Increasing engine power by the turbocharger is limited for two reasons: mechanical stress and thermal stress of the components surrounding the combustion chamber. In general, the heat transfer coefficient has a major effect on heat transfer rate, especially during the combustion process. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the cylinder distribution results from the simulation using the equations of Woschni and Hohenberg and compare to the experiment results when converting an old heavy-duty engine into a turbocharged engine. Results show that the cylinder distribution using Hohenberg’s correlation has a good agreement with the experiment results, especially in the case of a turbocharged engine
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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