55,938 research outputs found
Social exclusion of migrant groups in Europe
No full textRecent publications about migrant health in Europe have demonstrated that the share of migrants with low socio‐economic status is considerably high compared to the average population. This can be interpreted as a higher risk of social exclusion, as official statistics like OECD measure social exclusion with a poverty indicator. Prominent conceptual work on social exclusion highlights the multidimensional nature of the phenomenon. Social exclusion comprises being excluded from participating in various functional systems in society. A better empirical knowledge base concerning social exclusion of migrant groups and its relation to migrant health in Europe is asked for. In an interdisciplinary short term scientific mission granted by the COST ADAPT network the EU SILC data set for 2010 was used to examine the following questions: Which indicators do measure social exclusion and allow comparative analyses on EU level? Do migrant groups in EU countries, compared to the indigenous population display a higher level of social exclusion
Health policies and mixed migration - Lessons learnt from the 'Refugee Crisis'.
No full textGottlieb ND, Bozorgmehr K, Trummer U, Rechel B. Health policies and mixed migration - Lessons learnt from the 'Refugee Crisis'. Health policy . 2019;123(9):805-808
A Dynamic Subfilter-scale Stress Model for Large Eddy Simulations Based on Physical Flow Scales
No full textWe propose a new definition of the length scale in an eddy-viscosity model for large-eddy simulations (LES). This formulation extends and generalizes a previous proposal [Piomelli, Rouhi and Geurts, Proc. ETMM10, 2014], in which the LES length scale was expressed in terms of the integral length-scale of turbulence determined by the flow characteristics and explicitly decoupled from the simulation grid; this approach was named Integral Length-Scale Approximation (ILSA). As in the original ILSA, the model coefficient was determined by the user, and required to maintain a desired contribution of the unresolved, subfilter scales (SFS) to the global transport. We propose a local formulation (local ILSA) in which the model coefficient is local in space, allowing a precise control over SFS activity as a function of location. This new formulation preserves the properties of the global model; application to channel flow and backward-facing step verifies its features and accuracy
Country Report: Intergenerational Family Solidarity and Key Life Domains in Italy
No full textThe Italian family seems to be hanging in the balance between modernity and tradition: some changes are spreading regarding households forms, the processes of starting families and the steady aging of the population. Nevertheless, the family's social role has been upheld in the country until recently, and even though it is now in trouble, the family has also offered a safety net during times of economic crisis, that has made in 2014, an estimated 1/3 of Italians at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Since the year 2000 law n. 328 has changed welfare system in Italy based on the principle of subsidiarity: this law inaugurated the pluralization of welfare in the programming of social policy measures and delineated a vaguely family friendly welfare program, however the Plan for family policy of 2012 is still mainly unapplied. From most of the research carried out it Italy, it emerges that the Family represents a value for all the generations. Marriage still maintains its institutional validity for most Italians and also concept of the “nuclear” family (father–mother–child/children) attaches importance to and promotes family unity characterized by supportiveness between generations (children and parents, and parents and children); an altruistic tendency also manifested by stressing the qualities that the children are encouraged to learn in the family and which characterize the primary socialization process. This overall altruistic-familist value model, in any case, implies a differentiation of the family roles, characterized by the lower acceptance of the father-mother parity trend, highlighting the importance among Italians of the cultural-symbolic “motherly love” complex (Pollini, 2008). Some Italian studies conducted by the Family Studies and Research University Centre of the Catholic University include in-depth examination of the characteristics of intergenerational solidarity, understood both as exchange of concrete and emotional support and as a place of caring and an expressive space for cultural exchange between the generations. In summary, it is possible to understand from researches how the family in Italy, as a determinant subject and actor, as a point of mediation and ethical and pragmatic exchanges, still continues to be, in today’s critical times, a moral compass. In this context, the family manifests its centrality and enormous potential almost unknowingly, proving itself to be an institution able to develop more rational, explorative and innovative values and projects, and to ride change intelligently, through processes of inclusion and expansion, which keep its profile up-to-date
Large-eddy simulation of a separated flow with a sub-filter scale model based on the integral length-scale
No full textA new sub-filter scale model for large-eddy simulations, which uses a length-scale proportional to the integral scale of the turbulence instead of the grid resolution to parametrize the modelled stresses, will be assessed in the prediction of the flow of a boundary-layer over a rough surface, which includes separation and reattachment
Near Wall PIV-Measurements on the Windward Slope of a Hill
No full textThe turbulent flow over periodic hills was measured near to the wall, using planar Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) at high spatial resolution. Our focus is on the near wall turbulence structure on the windward slope of the hill. For large-eddy simulation (LES) we suspect that, if this was not predicted accurately, it affects the prediction of the velocity profiles over the hill crest which in turn will affect the recirculation length downstream of the hill. Regarding the time averaged velocities, we were able to resolve the linear viscous region of the boundary layer. The velocity distribution and also the Reynolds stress does not comply with the law of the wall as it is valid for a turbulent boundary layer at equilibrium
Energy dissipation and flux laws for unsteady turbulence
No full textDirect Numerical Simulations of spatially periodic unsteady turbulence show that the high Reynolds number scalings of the instantaneous energy dissipation rate and interscale energy flux at intermediate wavenumbers are qualitatively different from the well-known cornerstone scalings of equilibrium turbulence where and are time-dependent rms velocity and integral length-scales. Instead, they both scale as where and are length and velocity scales characterizing initial/overall unsteady turbulence conditions
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent Couette-Poiseuille flow with zero skin friction
No full textThe near-wall scaling of mean velocity U(y) is addressed for the case of zero skin friction on one wall of a fully turbulent channel flow. The present DNS results can be added to the evidence in support of the conjecture that U is proportional to √yw in the region just above the wall at which the mean shear dU/dy = 0
Real-space Manifestations of Bottlenecks in Turbulence Spectra
No full textAn energy-spectrum bottleneck, a bump in the turbulence spectrum between the inertial and dissipation ranges, is shown to occur in the non-turbulent, one-dimensional, hyperviscous Burgers equation and found to be the Fourier-space signature of oscillations in the real-space velocity, which are explained by boundary-layer-expansion techniques. Pseudospectral simulations are used to show that such oscillations occur in velocity correlation functions in one- and three-dimensional hyperviscous hydrodynamical equations that display genuine turbulence
Braid Entropy of Faraday Waves driven 2D Turbulence
No full textWe report new experimental results that use tools from braid theory to characterize two-dimensional turbulent flows driven by Faraday waves. The average topological length of the material fluid lines is found to grow exponentially with time. It allows us to compute the braid’s topological entropy SBraid. We show that SBraid increases as the square root of the turbulence kinetic energy E ~ u^2, where u^2 is the horizontal velocity variance . At long times, the PDFs of Lbraid are positively skewed and present strong exponential tails
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