1,720,971 research outputs found
The Falconi's needle against anti-vaccination: a minimally invasive tool in the nineteenth century
No full textThe history of Giovanni Falconi's career and his vaccination campaigns is two hundred years old. It is however very relevant today because of the widespread negative social opinion against vaccination at that time, opinions which seem to have re-emerged even in the current century. In his very important role of “Vaccine Conservator” (a sort of national supervisor for the quality of vaccinations), he clashed with the prejudice of the people and with the anti-scientific attitudes of some of his illustrious colleagues. He investigated how to simplify the procedure with a smallpox needle that became known as “Falconi's Needle” or “Falconian Needle”. Falconi also made several experiments on smallpox vaccine preparation and was a supporter of the use of “animal” and “humanized” formulas despite the prejudice regarding the latter. Due to his profound anatomical knowledge and the strength of mind that characterized him, he was able to follow evidence-based scientific principles in his methods. Thanks to this he managed to convince people not to oppose vaccinations. He also succeeded in bringing the number of vaccinated people to exceed the number of newborns, a great achievement that led to remarkable progress in Italy and the rescue of thousands of lives throughout Europe. Unfortunately, it was not possible to find a copy of this instrument, which required the author to have the needle reconstructed
I teatri anatomici di Cagliari
Full text linkL’Università di Cagliari ebbe il privilegio regio di fondazione nel 1620 da Filippo III di Spagna. Nonostante la Facoltà di me-dicina esistesse fin dall’inizio, la cattedra autonoma di anatomia fu istituita solo nel 1799; probabilmente anche per questo non si hanno prove antecedenti al 1773 che diano notizia certa della presenza di teatri anatomici a Cagliari. Nonostante queste pre-messe è possibile ricostruire una storia dei luoghi in cui si svol-gevano le dissezioni anatomiche. Vi è sempre stato un contem-poraneo uso dei locali ospedalieri e universitari, questi ultimi situati nel palazzo universitario (Palazzo Belgrano) o nei locali annessi (bastione del Balice), in cui avvenivano le cosiddette “Notomie Pubbliche” dal 1769. Presso gli ambienti dell’ospedale Sant’Antonio venivano invece eseguite le dimo-strazioni anatomiche “in privato”. Emerge così il fatto che la sala per le funzioni solenni del Palazzo Belgrano si trasformava per almeno dieci giorni l’anno in teatro anatomico e che nell’antico ospedale Sant’Antonio esisteva un “Teatro notomico” già prima del 1773. Nei decenni successivi si diede sempre maggio-re importanza alla microscopia e alle sale anatomiche per l’esercizio individuale, con il conseguente abbandono dei teatri anatomici e l’inaugurazione nel 1922 di un istituto indipendente, in cui nel 1950 venne costruito l’attuale teatro anatomico ligneo “Luigi Castaldi”.The University of Cagliari was granted the privilege of a royal foundation in 1620 by Philip III of Spain. Although the medical faculty existed from the beginning, the autonomous chair of anatomy was only established in 1799. Probably also for this reason, there is no concrete evidence of anatomical theatres in Cagliari before 1773. In spite of this, it is possible to recon-struct a history of where anatomical dissections took place. There has always been a simultaneous use of hospital and uni-versity premises, the latter located in the university palace (Palazzo Belgrano) or in the annexed premises (bastione del Balice), where from 1769 the so-called “Notomie Pubbliche” took place. Anatomical demonstrations were performed ‘in pri-vate’ in the rooms of the Sant’Antonio hospital. It thus emerges that the hall for solemn functions in the Belgrano palace was transformed into an anatomical theatre for at least ten days a year, and that even before 1773 there was a “Teatro notomico” in the Sant’Antonio hospital. In the following decades, micros-copy and anatomical rooms for individual practice became in-creasingly important, with the subsequent abandonment of the anatomical theatres and the inauguration in 1922 of an inde-pendent Institute, in which the current wooden “Luigi Castaldi” anatomical theatre was built in 1950
Scialoendoscopia diagnostica e interventistica nelle patologie infiammatorie e ostruttive delle ghiandole salivari maggiori
No full textUna rara causa di insufficienza respiratoria in età neonatale: il teratoma faringeo. Casi clinici e nostra esperienza.
No full textI teratomi sono tumori originati da cellule pluripotenti e comprendono tessuti derivanti da tutti e tre i foglietti embrionali. L’incidenza è pari a circa 1 caso ogni 4000 neonati, con un rapporto maschi:femmine di 3-4 a 1. I teratomi della regione testa-collo sono rari (7-9% dei casi totali), e rappresentano una delle principali cause di ostruzione respiratoria e roncopatia in età neonatale. Le tecniche d’imaging completano l’iter diagnostico e sono indispensabili per la diagnosi differenziale. Il trattamento è chirurgico. Il rischio di recidiva è correlato al grado di immaturità
Sialoendoscopy with and without holmium:YAG laser-assisted lithotripsy in the management of obstructive sialadenitis of major salivary glands
No full textObstructive sialadenitis is a major cause of dysfunction of the salivary glands, and increasingly sialoendoscopy is used in both diagnosis and treatment. At present the limit of the endoscopic approach is the size of the stone as only stones of less than 4 mm can be removed. Endoscopic laser lithotripsy has the potential to treat many stones larger than this with minimal complications and preservation of a functional salivary gland. The holmium:YAG laser has been widely and safely used in urology, and its use has been recently proposed in salivary lithotripsy for the removal of bigger stones. We describe our experience with sialoendoscopy for stones in the parotid and submandibular glands and assess the feasibility and the efficacy of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy. We have used the procedure 50 times for 43 patients with obstructive sialadenitis; 31 patients had sialolithiasis, 15 of whom (48%) had stones with diameters between 4 and 15 mm (mean 7). Total extraction after fragmentation was possible in 14 of the 15 patients without complications. Intraductal holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is effective and safe, and allows the treatment of large stones in Stensen's and Wharton's duct
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Did the representation of brain convolutions seen in the wax of Susini-Boi, now in Cagliari, and dated 1803, influenced Luigi Rolando?
No full textThe density of hepatic autonomic innervation differs between compensatory and direct hyperplasia rat models
No full textTo contribute to the knowledge of the autonomic innervation in liver regeneration, here we investigate the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactive (LI) nerve fibers, to indicate noradrenergic and cholinergic nerves, respectively, in rats under different conditions of liver damage and repair. By immunohistochemistry and assessment of nerve fiber density, three models of induced hepatic regeneration were examined: the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication, with two treatment periods of 14 weeks and 18 weeks; the partial hepatectomy (PH); the thyroid hormone (T3) treatment. TH- and ChAT-LI nerve fibers were detectable mostly in the portal spaces, the TH-LI ones occurring only around blood vessels while the ChAT-LI nerve fibers were also associated with secretory ducts. The density of TH-like immunoreactivity in the portal areas decreased after the CCl4 14 weeks treatment and PH and increased after T3. By contrast, ChAT-LI nerve fibers appeared particularly abundant around the neoductal elements in the CCl4 rats and were rare to absent in the PH and T3-treated groups. The ChAT-LI nerve fiber density within the portal areas revealed an increase in the CCl4-treated rats while showing no change in the PH and T3-treated rats. The changes in the density of perivascular TH- and ChAT-containing nerve fibers suggest a finely tuned autonomic modulation of hepatic blood flow depending on the type of subacute/chronic induced hyperplasia, while the characteristic occurrence of the periductal cholinergic innervation after the CCl4 treatment implies a selective parasympathetic role in regulating the physiopathological regenerative potential of the rat liver
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