1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Characterization of the small intestinal microbiome using a multi-omics approach and optimisation of an in situ sampling medical device
No full textLe microbiome intestinal regroupe tous les microorganismes vivants ainsi que l’ensemble de leurs théâtres d’activités. Ce dernier possède un rôle essentiel dans la physiologie de l’hôte car il module des fonctions majeures telles que le métabolisme et l’immunité. De nombreux facteurs environnementaux, comme le gradient de dioxygène ou les sécrétions de l’hôte, modulent le microbiome intestinal et engendrent ainsi une stratification qualitative et quantitative le long du tractus digestif. Aujourd’hui, l’immense majorité des études sur le microbiome intestinal caractérisent le microbiome fécal, partiellement représentatif des parties supérieures de l’intestin. Le microbiome de l’intestin grêle (IG) reste encore peu caractérisé de par l’utilisation de méthodes d’échantillonnage invasives. Le développement de nouveaux dispositifs médicaux (DM) de prélèvement non-invasif ouvre la porte à de nouvelles études plus précises.Ce travail a débuté par la mise en place des méthodes de métabolomique et de culturomique utilisées pour caractériser des échantillons biologiques humain. Parallèlement, le protocole de l’essai clinique « preuve de concept » DIGEST a été construit afin d’évaluer la sécurité et les performances du DM (objectif principal) développé par l’entreprise Pelican Health sur 15 sujets sains.Lors de l’essai clinique, nous avons démontré la sécurité et les performances du DM. Le microbiome des échantillons d’IG et fécaux a été caractérisé par une approche multi-omique intégrant trois omiques : métagénomique, métabolomique et culturomique. Ainsi, nous avons montré des compositions bactériennes différentes entre les deux types d‘échantillon, avec une richesse et une alpha-diversité plus faible dans les échantillons d’IG, accompagné d’une variabilité interindividuelle plus importante. Les analyses de métabolomique non-ciblée ont démontré des métabolomes distincts entre les deux matrices, s’expliquant notamment par une abondance plus importante de certains acides biliaires ou acides aminés. Ces résultats ont été complétés par une analyses semi-ciblée de 37 métabolites d’intérêt et une analyse ciblée de 50 acides biliaires. Nous avons ainsi montré des différences significatives de concentration en fonction des matrices avec une abondance plus importante des acides biliaires dérivés de l’hôte et des acides aminés dans l’IG. Par ailleurs, le culturome de deux échantillons d’IG a été déterminé. Nous avons ainsi isolé et identifié 90 espèces bactériennes différentes, dont 4 potentielles nouvelles espèces.En parallèle de l’essai clinique, nous avons travaillé sur l’optimisation du DM en intégrant une formulation de conservateurs permettant d’interpréter la composition microbienne d’une façon représentative grâce à la stabilisation du matériel génétique. Après avoir sélectionné des composés d’intérêt, la formulation a été testée sur une communauté microbienne et a montré son efficacité en bloquant l’évolution de la composition bactérienne au cours du temps.Ainsi, ce travail a permis de proposer une première caractérisation du microbiome de l’IG collecté par un nouveau DM non-invasif sur 15 sujets sains. Nous avons montré l’immense intérêt d’étudier le microbiome de l’IG de par ses différences avec le microbiome fécal, puisqu’il semble apporter des informations complémentaires. A l’avenir, l’utilisation des DM non-invasifs pourrait permettre de cartographier le microbiome intestinal humain et ainsi augmenter les connaissances sur l’implication du microbiome dans les maladies (maladies métaboliques, inflammatoires, neurodégénératives, etc.). Elle devrait également faciliter le développement de solutions nutritionnelles et thérapeutiques visant ou utilisant le microbiome intestinal. A moyen terme, les applications cliniques des DM de collecte de liquide intestinal sont multiples et pourraient permettre, par exemple, le diagnostic et pronostic de certaines maladies comme le SIBO.The intestinal microbiome comprises all living microorganisms and their theater of activity. The microbiome plays an essential role in host physiology, modulating major functions such as metabolism and immunity. Numerous environmental factors, such as the dioxygen gradient or host secretions, modulate the intestinal microbiome and thus generate a qualitative and quantitative stratification along the gastro-intestinal tract. Today, the vast majority of studies on the gut microbiome characterize the fecal microbiome, which is only partially representative of the upper gut. The small intestinal microbiome remains poorly characterized, due to the use of invasive sampling methods. The development of novel non-invasive sampling devices opens the door to new and more precise studies.This work began by setting up the metabolomics and culturomics methods used to characterize human biological samples. At the same time, the protocol for the DIGEST “proof of concept” clinical trial was designed to assess the safety and performances of the medical device (MD) (primary objective) developed by Pelican Health on 15 healthy subjects.During the clinical trial, we demonstrated the safety and performances of the MD. The microbiome of small intestine (SI) and fecal samples was characterized using a multi-omics approach integrating three omics: metagenomics, metabolomics and culturomics. We found different bacterial compositions between the two sample types, with lower richness and alpha-diversity in SI samples, accompanied by greater inter-individual variability. Untargeted metabolomics analyses demonstrated distinct metabolomes between the two sample types, explained in particular by a higher abundance of certain bile acids and amino acids. These results were complemented by a semi-targeted analysis of 37 metabolites of interest and a targeted analysis of 50 bile acids. This showed significant differences in concentration between the two sample types, with a higher abundance of host-derived bile acids and amino acids in SI. In addition, the culturome of two SI samples was determined. As a result, we isolated and identified 90 different bacterial species, including 4 potential new species.In parallel to the clinical trial, we worked on the optimization of the MD by integrating a formulation of preservatives enabling the microbial composition to be interpreted in a representative way thanks to the stabilization of genetic material. After selecting the compounds of interest, the formulation was tested on a microbial community derived from fecal microbiota, demonstrating its effectiveness in blocking the evolution of bacterial composition over time.This work has enabled us to propose a first characterization of the small intestinal microbiome collected by a novel non-invasive MD on 15 healthy subjects. We have demonstrated the important value of studying the small intestinal microbiome for its differences from the fecal microbiome, since it appears to provide complementary information. In the future, the use of non-invasive MD could make it possible to map the human gut microbiome and thus increase knowledge of the microbiome's involvement in diseases (metabolic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, etc.). It should also facilitate the development of nutritional and therapeutic solutions targeting or using the intestinal microbiome. In the medium term, the clinical applications of intestinal fluid collection by MD are multiple and could, for example, enable the diagnosis and prognosis of certain diseases such as SIBO
- …
