1,720,968 research outputs found
Multiple sclerosis as an adverse drug reaction: clues from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
No full textBackground: Possible relationship between drug exposure and multiple sclerosis (MS) development is insufficiently investigated, and further challenged by the incomplete understanding of MS etiopathogenesis. The study aims to investigate whether drug exposure could contribute to MS, by analyzing worldwide spontaneous reporting archives of adverse drug reaction (ADRs). Research design and methods: We retrieved information from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) over a 13-year period. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) for MS was calculated for each single substance. Disproportionality signals were considered when at least 10 cases were retrieved with a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) >1. Results: After a customized data-mining process, 3,226 reports of MS were retrieved. ‘Antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs’ (33% of total reports) were the most frequently reported, with 10 disproportionality signals, including etanercept (445 cases; ROR: 2.48; 95% Cl: 2.24–2.74), adalimumab (329; 2.05; 1.83–2.30), and infliximab (119; 2.25; 1.87–2.70). We also observed signals for drugs acting on hormone balance, bone density, and central nervous system. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that immunomodulatory drugs increase the risk of MS and point out that some other drug classes should be further investigated for this risk.</p
Associations between bodyweight changes, body mass index, smoking, physical activity and Physical (PCS) and Mental health Composite Score (MCS) in general linear multivariate model for male study participants (N = 8857)<sup>a</sup> in the Hordaland Health study.
No full texta<p>Only participants with valid values on BMI, smoking and physical activity were included.</p>b<p>Differences in mean score adjusted for all other covariates.</p>c<p>Relative effect size.</p>d<p>Included as continuous variable in the model with estimate corresponding to a difference between minimum (no light and hard physical activity) and maximum (>3 hours of both light and hard physical activity).</p><p>Associations between bodyweight changes, body mass index, smoking, physical activity and Physical (PCS) and Mental health Composite Score (MCS) in general linear multivariate model for male study participants (N = 8857)<sup><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110173#nt102" target="_blank">a</a></sup> in the Hordaland Health study.</p
Physical health Composite Score (PCS)* by physical activity in men (N = 9276) and women (N = 10433) in the Hordaland Health Study.
No full text<p>Physical activity is calculated as a weighted sum of hard and light physical activity with 3 corresponding to no light and hard physical activity and 12 corresponding to >3 hours/week of both light and hard physical activity. * Mean scores and 95% confidence interval based on raw scores. Similar effects were found after adjustment for confounding factors (body mass index, bodyweight changes and smoking).</p
Characteristics of the study participants in the Hordaland Health Study. Mean Physical health Composite Score (PCS) and mean Mental health Composite Score (MCS) due to body mass index, bodyweight changes, physical activity and smoking in men and women.
No full text<p>The total number between variables may vary due to different number of missing data.</p><p>Characteristics of the study participants in the Hordaland Health Study. Mean Physical health Composite Score (PCS) and mean Mental health Composite Score (MCS) due to body mass index, bodyweight changes, physical activity and smoking in men and women.</p
Mental health Composite Score (MCS)* by physical activity in men (N = 9276) and women (N = 10433) in the Hordaland Health Study.
No full text<p>Physical activity is calculated as a weighted sum of hard and light physical activity with 3 corresponding to no light and hard physical activity and 12 corresponding to >3 hours/week of both light and hard physical activity. * Mean scores and 95% confidence interval based on raw scores. Similar effects were found after adjustment for confounding factors (body mass index, bodyweight changes and smoking).</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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